Dress Codes Should Not Be Banned - 1291 Words

Have you ever been excluded from learning because of what you wore to school? In most schools, dress codes are set in place to provide a better learning space for all students. Having a dress code can oppress students because students are given the impression that they should not express themselves. Not all families can afford the clothes that abide by the rules. For example, some students don t have the means to pay for new clothes, so they have to use hand-me-down clothing. Enforcing a dress code can lead to more problems in the long run because of the exceptions made for students who are athletes and cheerleaders. Many school faculty members including teachers and administrators think that keeping a dress code will keep students looking appropriate while learning, but this idea is wrong because it keeps students from expressing themselves and, the dress code singles out women. Schools that have dress codes are going too far. Dress codes take away students ability to dress and frame their personalities. In an article by Dylan Ankersen he explains how the ability to be free is the â€Å"power to write, speak, act or dress as one wants without hindrance† (Akerson). Akerson is saying that people need the power to be who they want and not be told who they want to be. The first amendment says that â€Å" Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press†(Bill of Rights).Show MoreRelatedWomen s Rights And Freedoms1561 Words   |  7 Pagesworld is dress codes which single out women. Dress codes being applied in schools have lead to grounds of gender inequality and are mainly implemented towards girls. Under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms it is stated that women should obtain all forms of equality, be it home, street or workplace but m ost cases show that main biases towards women are coming from their workplaces as they are expected to follow a certain dress code. Another form of sexism targeted towards women worldwide is dress codesRead MoreEssay on A Fight Aganist Public Schools Strict Dress Codes905 Words   |  4 PagesThe belief that public schools should enforce strict dress codes has been the topic of many controversial and heated debates throughout history. Although it is uncommon for public schools to require uniforms, every school has some type of dress code. Elizabeth Forward High School in Elizabeth, Pennsylvania, is no different than the rest of the nation. When caught violating the dress code, some teachers will choose to ignore it, whereas others will send the student to the high school office. If sentRead MoreThe First Amendment in High School Essay867 Words   |  4 Pages What is the age that a person should be able to claim rights under the first amendment? The first thing would come to most peoples mind is eighteen. However, upon examination, someone could easily justify that a sixteen year old who is in his or her second year of college would have the ability to form an opinion and should be allowed to express it. What makes this student different from another student who, at sixteen, drops out of school and gets a job, or a student who decides to wear a shirtRead MorePersuasive Essay On School Uniforms979 Words   |  4 PagesThe age old argument of whether or not uniforms and dress codes should be enforced in schools seems to never conclude. The issue of appropriate clothing in schools is controversial and provoking. Many argue that abolishing a student’s choice in their attire violates their freedom of expression. Students use what they wear to express themselves; their clothing gives them a sense of a unique style and identity. Others argue that permitting students to wear whatever clothing they like can create unnecessaryRead MoreEssay on School Dress Codes and Uniforms Are Beneficial695 Words   |  3 PagesSchool Dress Codes and Uniforms Are Beneficial Do schools really need a dress code? Just ask parents of kids who have to wear them and they will probably say yes. With the dress code policy parents would be able o save money on clothes for their children(Dress 1). This would be a big help for children with poor families who cant afford the proper clothes for them to wear. In addition, with uniforms these kids wont are looked at any different than everyone else because they will have the sameRead MoreSchool Dress Code Essay784 Words   |  4 PagesSchool dress code can be classified as sexist and irrelevant because it draws negative attention to what students wear, limits dress options, also it implies that girl are defined by what they wear. While I was in middle school my best friend at the time would always wear the same pair of ripped jeans every day. Her family didn’t have the most money, so those jeans were her only pair. Everyday while walking to homeroom our teacher would make her put tape on her jeans over the rips, the crazy thingRead MoreSchool Uniforms: Should Everyone Look Like Clones? Essay920 Words   |  4 Pageswhether or not uniforms should be enforced in the public school system. One main reason public schools have uniforms / dress code is because in 1996, President Clinton allowed the school uniform movement and said, â€Å"If it means teenagers will stop killing each other over designer jackets, then our public schools should be able to require their students to wear school uniforms.† This gave schools the power to control the students with dress code. A few pros about having dress code in public schools areRead MoreAnalysis Of The Argument : Back Off, Dress Codes1423 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of an Argument: Back Off, Dress Codes. This is Not Your Call. When analyzing an argument, a reader must be able to think critically about what the author is taking about, and whether the facts and ideas are reliable and well written out. To write an argument the author must be able to persuade the audience into agreeing with what they have to say on a topic. In articles such as Karen Mangiacotti’s article, â€Å"Back Off, Dress Codes. This is Not Your Call,† it is important for the reader toRead MoreSchool Dress Code Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesDress Code: The Restriction of Expression Approximately 64% of the United States public education system requires a strict dress code. How does the dress code affect the students and how does it benefit them? Do the students have a say in this dress code policy? Do they have a fair vote on how dress code violations should be addressed? So many questions on how the students defend their rights in the public-school system, yet they cannot have the opportunity to have their opinions heard. Dress codeRead MoreProposed Dress Code For The National Basketball League Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pages The case study in question relates to a proposed dress code for the players in the National Basketball League (NBL). Dress code requirements must not discriminate against members of protected groups as outlined in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In order to adequately analyze this issue, we must look at possible areas of discrimination including religious, racial, gender and disability discrimination. In this particular case the players are claiming racial discrimination against the

Prostate Cancer Informative speech Essay example - 767 Words

What is the Prostate? The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system, which makes and stores a fluid that nourishes sperm. The prostate gland is about the size of a walnut, and surrounds the upper part of the urethra, the tube that empties urine from the bladder. If the prostate gland grows too large, the flow of urine can be slowed or stopped. Prostate Cancer Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in men in the United States (other than skin cancer), and accounts for more than one-quarter of all men diagnosed with cancer each year. Some prostate cancers grow very slowly and may not cause problems for years. Common Misconceptions about Prostate Cancer †¢ Prostate cancer is an old man’s disease. †¢ If you don’t†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Stage II cancer involves more than one part of the prostate. †¢ Stage III cancer has spread beyond the outer layer of the prostate into nearby tissue. †¢ Stage IV cancer has spread to other areas of the body such as the bladder, bone, liver, lungs. Symptoms of Prostate Cancer Early prostate cancer often does not cause symptoms. But prostate cancer can cause any of these problems: †¢ A need to urinate frequently, especially at night †¢ Difficulty starting urination or holding back urine †¢ Inability to urinate †¢ Weak or interrupted flow of urine †¢ Painful or burning urination †¢ Blood in urine A man who has symptoms like these should see his doctor or urologist. Methods of Treatment Treatment for prostate cancer depends on the stage of the disease and the grade of the tumor. Once the decision is made to treat prostate cancer, your doctor will decide the type of treatment. Prostate cancer can be managed in a number of ways: †¢ Watchful Waiting may be suggested for some men who have prostate cancer that is found at an early stage and appears to be slow growing. †¢ Surgery is a common treatment for early stage prostate cancer. The doctor may remove all of the prostate (radical prostatectomy) or only part of it. †¢ Radiation therapy (called radiotherapy) uses high-energy x-rays to kill cancer cells. Like surgery, radiation therapy is local therapy and it can affect cancer cells only in the treated area. †¢ Hormonal therapy deprives cancer cells fromShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech : Speech On Drinking Tea Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesQuyen Brendon Duc Nguyen Professor Nina Kotelyan Coms 151 1 March 2016 Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about tea Informative Speech Outline Introduction Attention getter: Ever heard of healthy water? Geez it already sounds disgusting, but actually it’s quite tasteful. This healthy water that I speak of, is tea. Drinking tea is one of the simplest things that can benefit your health. Thesis: Growing up, I have seen my grandparents and all the other adults in my family drink tea. So I haveRead MoreP.E.T.A.: Animal Rights, Human Abuse1707 Words   |  7 PagesWith over 850,000 active members, the animal rights organization People for Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) has blossomed into an exceptionally powerful speech community. Their main goal is to enlighten others about the prominent existence of animal cruelty in the world, hoping to gain enough power to abolish it, or at least prevent it from happening as often as it does. PETA uses language as a tool of power, verbalizing its message through controversial ad campaigns, rallies, marches and protestsRead MoreSience23554 Words   |  95 Pagesvastly under-polluted; their air quality is probably vastly inefficiently low compared to Los Angeles or Mexico City†¦ The concern over an agent that causes a one in a million change in the odds of prostate cancer is obviously going to be much higher in a country where people survive to get prostate cancer than in a country where under-five mortality is 200 per thousand. —  Lawrence Summers, Let them eat pollution, The Economist, February 8, 1992. Quoted from Vandana Shiva, Stolen Harvest, (SouthRead MoreHsm 542 Week 12 Discussion Essay45410 Words   |  182 Pagesthat the staff have an professional development with working lunch. The working lunch would cut back on staff member not able because of child care or schooling. The working lunch would all me as the owner to bring in outside presentors to give informative data and the lastes technology or ethic laws to help the staff and protect the patient for the best health care at my local for success. The working lunch for workshops or training will be schedule  monthly and suggestion of what food choiceRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesto do the following: 1. Decide whether existing information is adequate or whether additional information is required. 2. If necessary, collect more information in a reasonable and thoughtful way. 3. Summarize the available data in a useful and informative manner. 4 Chapter 1 ââ€"   The Role of Statistics and the Data Analysis Process 4. Analyze the available data. 5. Draw conclusions, make decisions, and assess the risk of an incorrect decision. People informally use these steps to make everyday

Examine the Advantages and Disadvantages to the Possible Future Free Essays

There is a growing crisis over the world’s energy resources to try and find sustainable solutions to the world’s problems. There are 3 responses to help cover the crisis; Business as usual, Multi-energy solution and energy conservation. The business as usual scenario involve the world to keep using the fossil fuels and the International Energy Agency predicts that fossil fuels will still dominate energy into 2030, which cancels out the predictions of fossil fuels running out by then with the growing population and the rapid development of nations such as China and India. We will write a custom essay sample on Examine the Advantages and Disadvantages to the Possible Future or any similar topic only for you Order Now This solution would involve natural gas consumption doubling and oil to increase by 1. 4 billion barrels a day. There are a number of advantages and disadvantages to this solution. One advantage is that that development will continue without constraints which mean countries won’t have to spend time and money on developing any sustainable solutions, they can just continue with fossil fuels and develop as nations which would increase economic growth and the wealth of the countries would increase. Another advantage would include that it is very costly to switch to a sustainable solution because the energy will need to be collected and stored and would need to be implemented around the whole country which costs a lot, and for developing nations this would mean that they can’t use that money for better purposes. Disadvantages would include fuel cost increasing. Because of the growing demand from developing nations and the increasing populations within countries, this would mean a higher price because supply is running out so eventually only the rich countries would be able to afford the oil. Also, as it is such a necessity good, consumers are willing to pay any price to get the oil or resource. Another disadvantage is that global warming would accelerate faster. With this response, more fossil fuels are being burnt, hence increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air which would enhance the greenhouse effect. The second possible solution is Multi-Energy Solution which is meeting future energy demands from a mixture of renewable, recyclable and non renewable sources. This would mean countries would have energy security to maintain an affordable supply for people and industry. Some advantages of this solution are that the country is not dependent on one type of source meaning that its energy secure. For example, wind power is useful for windy places but if for some days there is a lack of wind, people won’t have energy, so the country could use solar or nuclear energy to support their needs. Another advantage would be using enough of the fossil fuels now, while developing the new type of sustainable renewable sources which will be very useful, thus creating jobs into that type of research and development. Disadvantages would include renewable energy has its costs such as it is very expensive to build and maintain, collecting and storing the energy is difficult and it is very inconsistent. This type of energy would include solar and wind power, so they might not choose to use it when it is still developing as a type of sustainable source of energy which would ensure security. If a country is using nuclear power, then it could be very dangerous as the storing of the waste would become expensive and might harm the surrounding environment. Although it is a very reliable energy source, countries are unlikely to use it because of Chernobyl and if that happened today, the effects will be much worse. The last possible solution is Energy conservation which is a response to meeting the increasing demand based on decreasing the amount of energy we use. Reasons why they would want to reduce consumption are based on reducing costs, reducing harmful emissions and promoting energy security. Advantages are that it will satisfy environmentalists because they would be using sustainable solutions and cutting down on fossil fuels which would decelerate the greenhouse effect. Another possible advantage is that renewable energy would develop as the main source of energy countries would use, which means not using fossil fuels and so unnatural weather patterns and disasters won’t occur. Some disadvantages are that the transition from non-renewable to renewable is very expensive as installation, storing and distributing the power will all cost money and could be very unreliable at the start meaning countries won’t be energy secure. Also, countries will reject the plea of changing to renewable energy sources as they will want to develop as nations like we did and would want to have the industrial revolution and use up as much as they can to grow the country economically. How to cite Examine the Advantages and Disadvantages to the Possible Future, Essay examples

Critique of Theoretical Framework free essay sample

It is generally accepted that the church has been a locus of social service and social change throughout America’s history, and â€Å"that the concept of human services emerged, at least partially, from a religious base† (Ellor, Netting, Thibault, 1999, p. 13). Furthermore, it is recognized that the social work profession in the United States was influenced by a long history of religious traditions (Ellor et al, 1999; Hugen, 2012; Rosethal, 2006). The social welfare system that emerged in the United States, formerly and presently, continues to be a mix of faith-based and secular organizations and groups with diversified perspectives and approaches (Ellor et al, 1999). The diverse perspectives and approaches to social welfare in the United States are rooted in an expansive array of worldviews and faith traditions. The U. S. is a pluralistic society characterized by a diversity of people, opinions, and religions (Monsma, 2012). The church is simply one of many places where social welfare ideations have manifested themselves, and the battles against social injustices have been fought. For many years a great variety of religiously affiliated organizations, colleges, hospitals, and social service agencies have received federal welfare funding. There is nothing profoundly new about the inclusion of faith-based organizations in the delivery of social welfare services to the disenfranchised and vulnerable populations (Karger et al, 2007). What is new is the prominence of postmodern, humanistic ideologies in social welfare that began in the 20th century (Hugen, 2012). The clashes between present-day humanistic and faith-based ideologies have spawned a lasting political debate over the correctness of federal government funding of faith-based social services. A major landmark for this political debate occurred in 1996 when the United States Congress passed a set of provisions under the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) section 104—also known as the Charitable Choice clause (Daly, 2009; Wuthnow, 2004). Charitable Choice removed many of the restrictions on integrating religious content with faith-based delivery of social services, and positioned faith-based social service agencies as equivalent to secular social service agencies (Karger et al, 2007). The movement to incorporate faith-based social service agencies was further fueled by President George W. Bush’s Faith Based and Community Initiative (FBCI) (Kennedy Bielefeld, 2006; Daly, 2009; and Wuthnow, 2004). The Bush administration aimed to do two things based on the core judicious principles of Charitable Choice: first, to increase the amount of federal social-welfare resources going to faith-based organizations; and second, to protect the organizational autonomy and religious identity of these groups when contracted with the government (Daly, 2007). As a result of the Bush-era FBCI, eleven faith and community-based offices were created in federal agencies, and many states began to develop programs to expand the role of faith-based social services in delivering anti-poverty assistance (Reingold, Pirog Brady, 2007). The Bush-era faith-based initiative was strong enough that the Bush administration’s proposed budget for 2002 allocated nearly $90 million to organizations that expanded or emulated models of faith-based social service programs (Twombly, 2002). Today, according to the National Center for Charitable Statistics (NCCS), there are 956,738 public charities, 97,435 private foundations, and 370,745 other types of nonprofit organizations (NCCS, 2013). According to the NCCS Core Files, public charities reported over $1. 59 trillion in total revenues, and $1. 49 trillion in total expenses in 2011. Of the public charities’ revenues: 22% came from contributions, gifts and government grants; 72% came from program service revenues, which include government fees and contracts; and 6% came from other sources (NCCS, 2013). Blackwood, Roeger, Pettijohn (2012) reveal that there was a 42. 3% growth in the number 501(c)(3) public charities from 2000 to 2010. In New York State alone, there are 15,362 religious or spiritually related public charities (IRS Business Master File 04/2010). Eric Twombly (2002), an affiliate of The Urban Institute, and Ira Colby (2007), a social work professor at the University of Houston, point out that many faith-based organizations, such as The Salvation Army, United Jewish Communities, Catholic Charities, and Lutheran Social Services have historically received government support and played a significant role in social service provisions in the United States. These groups are key players in many local areas in both direct social provision and setting government service priorities. The goal of this essay is to explore the political debate over Charitable Choice and the faith-based initiative, and secondly, to uncover the implications for social work practice and social work education from this debate. It is evident that faith-based organizations play a substantial role in the delivery of social welfare services in the United States (Nagel, 2006). To begin our exploration of this issue, we will look at the relevant worldviews and belief systems that support or refute the federal government support of faith-based social service agencies. Worldview/ Belief Issues Republicans have favored the privatization of social welfare and reinforced the value of nonprofits. Conservative thinkers believe that churches can address welfare better than the government and the secular social service system (Cnaan Boddie, 2002). Conservatives vigorously attack the belief that government should finance and deliver social services to the population (Karger et al, 2007). Conservatives argue privatization has become a paradox in social welfare because the private sector has been utilized in service provision and precedes the welfare state in many instances. David Osborne and Ted Gaebler (1992) assert in Reinventing Government that the private and public sectors have different roles. The government’s role should consist primarily of establishing the objectives of social policy, and the private sector role should consist of executing the policy. David Stoesz (2007) co-author of American Social Welfare Policy argues, â€Å"nonprofit organizations have been poor competitors, often losing out to for-profit firms† (p. 193). He further asserts that the nature of nonprofits make them less competitive than commercial firms, and when for-profits enter the same market, they often take a substantial portion of the market until nonprofits adopt the same management procedures and become more efficient. A large assumption is this: if for-profits suspect that they can generate a profit by providing superior service to a clientele, they will seek to subcontract with the government and provide the service. Conversely, Ira Colby (2007) the Dean and Professor of social work at the University of Houston asserts that privatization of social services as the answer to creating effective service provisions for the poor is a â€Å"grossly erroneous assumption† (p. 194). According to Colby (2007) the catchphrases of â€Å"compassionate conservative† or â€Å"faith-based social services† are simply resurfacing ideas from a previous welfare era where greater reliance on the private sector was emphasized. Liberal ideology asserts that the government should play a central role in the provision of services—that government is responsible for ensuring that all people, regardless of status in life, receive needed services and supports that maximize their well-being and ability to participate in society. In essence, basic social services are the business of the government (Colby, 2007). Monsma (2012) identifies 5 factors that underlie and work to mold how liberals view the public role of faith-based organizations. The first is a strong emphasis on the free, autonomous, choosing individual. The second is a suspicion of traditional values and religion when they enter the public square. The third is seeing government as a potentially positive force for social change and improvement. Fourth is its embrace of the strict church-state separation, no-aid-to-religion standard. The fifth and final factor is the legacy of the nondiscrimination statuses of the 1960s. These factors, which can be considered beliefs, lead liberals to look negatively upon faith-based human service providers. The emphasis seems to be instead on freedom of choice and what the government can potentially do to improve societal conditions. Rev. Robert Owens (2001) posits that a negative correlation exists between the amount of funding received by religious organizations and the strength of religious mission. Owens, in his stance against public funding of religious organizations, argues that accepting government money to provide social service programs only deepens the confusion in communities about who works for whom. Accepting government money turns the state/ church relationship upside down—where the church works for the state. The solution then is to keep religious congregations independent of the influence of government. Political, Legal, Social Policy After the Great Depression, President Roosevelt’s New Deal political ideations focused on the structural conditions contributing to poverty and social inequality. Because of the depression, it had become obvious that personal morality could not prevent or be the primary cause of poverty (Nagal, 2006). Therefore, the public responsibility for social welfare was emphasized, and the popular moral dimension was minimized in social service delivery. Following the New Deal era, the Reagan administration shifted the focus back to the inclusion of faith-based organization in social service provisions. President Reagan considered religious organizations to be more effective than public or secular, nonprofit social service providers (Cnaan Boddie, 2002). Reagan went so far as to use the parable of the Good Samaritan as a metaphor for the cause of poverty. His perception of the biblical parable contrasted a bureaucratic caseworker against the Good Samaritan: The story of the Good Samaritan has always illustrated to me what God’s challenge really is. He crossed the road, knelt down, bound up the wounds of the beaten traveler, the pilgrim, and carried him to the nearest town. He didn’t go running into town and look for a case-worker to tell him that there was a fellow out there that needed help. He took it upon himself. (Denton, 1982, p. 3 as cited in Cnaan Boddie, 2002) Reagan believed in volunteerism and the increased responsibility of private organizations to meet society’s social-welfare needs. The emphasis on volunteerism resulted in a decrease of government spending on social welfare initiatives in the 1980s. Reagan challenged the private sector to step up and meet the needs of society. He called on churches to provide for the needs of the poor within their own neighborhoods (Yancey, 2007). President Clinton took the challenge one step further and suggested that organized religion would be able to make a significant contribution to reducing the need for social welfare if each congregation in the United States would hire one person in need (Wuthnow, 2004). Here is what President Clinton said: Under this law [Charitable Choice], every state, when it becomes effective, every state in the country can say: If you will hire somebody off welfare, we’ll give you the welfare checks as a supplement for the wages and the training. It means, folks, when you go back home, your church can receive a person’s welfare check and add to it only a modest amount of money to make a living wage, and to take some time to train people and bring their children into the church, and make sure their children are all right and give them a home and family. I just want every pastor in this audience to think about it. Just think about it. If every church in America hired one person off welfare, if every church in America could get some work to do that, it would set an example that would require the business community to follow, that would require the charitable and other nonprofit organizations to follow. We cannot create a government jobs program big enough to solve the whole thing, but if everybody did it, one by one, we could do this job. (Associated Press, 1996, section A2) Throughout the later part of the 20th century, the federal government called on the Church to act as the primary safety net for people in need. History reveals that faith-based organizations have always been a part of providing social welfare services. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 with the Charitable Choice clause and Bush’s Faith Based and Community Initiative simply increased the collaboration between faith-based organizations and the federal government. Separation of Church and State Before the Charitable Choice provision of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, faith-based organizations contracting with the government had to remove all religious symbols from the room where service was provided; accept all clients; refrain from any religious ceremonies; hire staff that reflected society, not the organization’s belief system; adhere to government contract regulations; and incorporate separately as an 501(c) (3) nonprofit organizations (Cnaan Boddie, 2002). All this changed after the PRWORA of 1996. First, faith-based services providers retain their religious autonomy; second, the government could not curtail the religious expression or practice of faith-based services; third, faith-based service providers were exempt from complying with employment policies mandated by the Civil Rights Act of 1964; finally, faith based organization contracting with the government were no longer required to establish a separate, secular 501(c) (3) nonprofit organization (Cnaan Boddie, 2002). There are, however, some stipulations that remain in order to contract with the government. Faith-based organizations are fiscally accountable to use government funds for the intended social services and not for religious worship or proselytization. The purpose of this section of the law is to ensure a clear separation between church and state. In order for the government to remain neutral to the religious or secular character of organizations, both are offered an opportunity to participate in social service programs. As Rosenthal (2006) states in his conclusion on Charitable Choice Programs and Title VII’s Co-Religionist Exemption: By offering religious institutions the opportunity to participate in social service programs, Congress is faithfully engaging the constitutional principle of neutrality by affording these organizations the same opportunities as non-religious organizations. On the flip side, however, the Constitution requires that this participation be both secular and non-discriminatory, so as to ensure that religious organizations are not benefited simply by virtue of their religious character. (p. 665) Implication for Social Work Practice David Stoesz (2007) in his response to Should Social Services be Privatized asserts that the social work profession traditionally sides with social welfare. This leads to the dismissal of nonprofit agencies and blatant hostility to for-profit agencies. Because of this bias, social work education is devoid of the knowledge and skills that are essential to business strategies in service provision. The implication for social work education would entail an increase of content in finance, marketing, information systems, and contracting. This would equip social workers to be more competitive in the new human-service market. With access to government funding that no longer regards the religious character of the service provider as a hindrance to the separation of church and state, it is likely (if not already evident by the NCCS reports) that more faith-based organizations and churches will engage in partnership with the public sector. This significant change has influenced social service delivery. As a social work practitioner, I could easily find myself working within a faith-based organization or at least collaborating with a faith-based organization in service delivery. Social work is a value-based profession. Although more secularized than ever before, social work can provide leadership in shaping the collaborative effort between the helping professions and faith-based organizations. This is especially important in considering the integration of spirituality and religion in social work practice. With the prevalence of faith-based organizations providing social services, it would be beneficial for social work education to increase the content on ethical social work practice within religious settings. With an increased competency in the integration of social work practice with religion and spirituality, social work practitioners can further appreciate the efforts of religious organizations to address social problems. Social work should also â€Å"proceed cautiously to outline the parameters of ethical social work practice in religious organizations† (Sherr et al, 2009, p. 164) so that service delivery does not cross the ethical line and become an opportunity for proselytizing. The profession of social work continues to realize the importance of religious and spiritual beliefs for clients. The importance of these issues in social work education is supported by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) Educational Policy and Accreditation Standard, 2. 1. 4: Social workers understand how diversity characterizes and shapes the human experience and is critical to the formation of identity. The dimensions of diversity are understood as the intersectionality of multiple factors including age, class, color, culture, disability, ethnicity, gender, gender identity and expression, immigration status, political ideology, race, religion, sex, and sexual orientation†¦ [Social workers] gain sufficient self-awareness to eliminate the influence of personal biases and values in working with diverse groups†¦ (CSWE, 2008, p. 5) The NASW Code of Ethics (2008) points to the importance of recognizing religious and spiritual beliefs in order to practice in a holistic, client-centered manner. Section 1. 05(c) of the Code of Ethics states: Social workers should obtain education about and seek to understand the nature of social diversity and oppression with respect to race, ethnicity, national origin, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, age, martial status, political belief, religion, immigration status and mental or physical disability. (NASW, 2008, p. 9) Competently addressing religious and spiritual beliefs is part of the holistic approach to working with the multi-dimensional person—bio, psycho, social, and spiritual. To ignore the value system of a client leaves the door open for social workers to taint the helping relationship with their own beliefs and values (Zellmer Anderson-Meger, 2011). Summary There is nothing profoundly new about the inclusion of faith-based organizations in the delivery of social welfare services to the disenfranchised and vulnerable populations (Karger et al, 2007). History reveals that faith-based organizations have always been a part of providing social welfare services. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 with the Charitable Choice clause and Bush’s Faith Based and Community Initiative simply increased the collaboration between faith-based organizations and the federal government. Conservative thinkers believe that churches can address welfare better than the government and the secular social service system (Cnaan Boddie, 2002). Conservatives vigorously attack the belief that government should finance and deliver social services to the population (Karger et al, 2007). Liberal ideology asserts that the government should play a central role in the provision of services—that government is responsible for ensuring that all people, regardless of status in life, receive needed services and supports that maximize their well-being and ability to participate in society (Colby, 2007). With an increased competency in the integration of social work practice with religion and spirituality, social work practitioners can further appreciate the efforts of religious organizations to address social problems. With the prevalence of faith-based organizations providing social services, it would be beneficial for social work education to increase the content on ethical social work practice within religious settings. The clashes between present-day humanistic and faith-based ideologies have spawned a lasting political debate over the correctness of federal government funding of faith-based social services. In the American pluralistic society, public funds should not be used to promote any particular religion. Therefore, the social work profession should take a leadership role in appreciating diversity, and ethically navigating social welfare and the faith-based initiative.

Bataan Death March Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

Bataan Death March Essay, Research Paper The Bataan Death March: A brutal, barbarian journey through malnutrition, disease, anguish, and decease. Documentaries try to explicate the history of these atrocious events, but merely those who survived the March really cognize how atrocious and cruel it truly was. December 7, 1941: The celebrated bombardment of Pearl Harbor stunned the United States and the whole universe. The Nipponese had been ruling many districts, and were go oning to distribute throughout South East Asia. The President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, had so devised a program of action and sent American Troops to support Corregidor Island, located in the Philippines. After contending through many little conflicts, they eventually arrived in 1942, in the Manila Bay. There, the American and Filipino Troops teamed up to defy the forces of the Nipponese Soldiers. However, the United States had non expected to stay at that place for more than one month, and was non really good prepared. We will write a custom essay sample on Bataan Death March Essay Research Paper The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They had believed that aid would be coming for them, but unluckily, it was impossible to direct more aid into Corregidor. The US and Filipino s battled for five months against the ferocious Nipponese, who invaded May 5, 1942. The Japs shot one shell every five seconds for 24 hours directly. The Americans were under the bid of General Jonathan Wainwright, who had led a dandy, but hopeless battle, and eventually in May of 1942, 76,000 military personnels surrendered to Japan. This surrender had begun one of the worst Marches in the history of any war. When the subsisters of the Battle of Corregidor became POW s, they were forced to digest a 90-mile trek, called the Bataan Death March. The Prisoner s were denied nutrient, H2O, and medical intervention throughout most of this clip. Their personal ownerships and equipment was taken from them, and they had to process in the blaze Sun without any basic healthful installations. Along the manner their Nipponese bodyguards beat, clubbed, and bayoneted them. If any soldiers were seen taking a remainder, they were killed. More than 10,000 died during the atrocious March. Those that died were left by the side of the route, and were to be disposed of at a ulterior clip. After a long period of agony and hurting, the American bombers invaded the Philippines in 1944. The United States Soldiers were shipped out of the state. They had been so hungry and thirsty that they killed each other for H2O, blood, and piss, and anything else that was in liquid signifier. After 5,000 American soldiers died during Nipponese prison ship onslaughts, the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, and Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. The war was over and the American Soldiers were sent place to $ 1 per twenty-four hours for every twenty-four hours that they had been a captive of war. 57 per centum of all the American Prisoners ( 36,000 ) had died in the Pacific, contending for our state. They wilfully sacrificed their heads and organic structures to maintaining our state a safe and free topographic point to populate. They besides helped derive the Philippines back from Nipponese regulation. Summary: American Soldiers should be regarded as one of the most brave, unafraid people in the universe. From watching docudramas and making research on war, I have a adult regard for every soldier that has of all time fought for their state. After watching what the Bataan Death March was all about, I am now get downing to see what a forfeit it was for all who served in that conflict. For four old ages, all the American Soldiers knew of was hungriness, disease, anguish, and decease. They had been surrounded by these things for such a long clip that they forgot what it was like to hold a epicurean life in the United States. One adult male said that it wasn t until one of his good friends died that he eventually realized that it was okay to shout. Before that clip, he did non cognize how to show sorrow because he was so used to seeing decease and hurting. However, when he saw the decease of him, he saw that he was still human. The American Troops gave up their households, friends, and deluxe lives to salvage the free will of our state. They left every point and every individual that they loved to contend for the United States. Many lost their weaponries and legs, while others lost their lives. To decease for one s state is the most honest title that a individual can make. Those who survived the Battle of Corregidor and the Bataan Death March went through unthinkable things. They went without nutrient or H2O for yearss, were beaten and harassed by the Japanese, and worst of all, saw the deceases of 1000s of soldiers that were merely like them. Many of the Americans that returned from the war were so shaken up by it that to this twenty-four hours they can non talk about their experience. It is excessively difficult for them to retrieve the yesteryear, and they want to go forth it in the history. With much regard and gratitude for all Americans who fought for our state, here is a quotation mark from General Wainwright of his work forces: They were the first to fire and the last to put down their arm, and merely reluctantly making so after being given a direct order. All soldiers should be greatly commemorated for their heroic Acts of the Apostless and I am really esteemed to populate in a state that has such brave people in it.

Medea as a Tragedy Essays

Medea as a Tragedy Essays Medea as a Tragedy Paper Medea as a Tragedy Paper Essay Topic: Medea Firstly, one of Aristotle points states that in order for a character to be looked upon as tragic, his misfortunes must be brought upon himself by a form of error, or a tragic flaw. Also, there has to be a pivotal point in the characters downfall in which the character represents remorse or pity for his actions allowing for a catharsis, or a purging of emotion. In Made, it is heard to discern if Made actually represents a tragic hero. Medias misfortunes are brought upon by Jason, as he decides to leave ere for a younger and more well regarded bride, King Greens daughter. Seasons pronouncement of divorce triggers Medias Jealousy and pride, two of her flaws; however, she never regrets any of her actions. Because there is no recognition of wrong on Medias part, there is also no catharsis. The audience does not feel empathy with Made because she does not feel empathy herself. Instead, we begin to feel sorry for Jason because Made has taken his life and children. There Is no Chicago: no learning, or pause for life has taken place, the audience is left unsatisfied and questioning what the moral point of_ Made _ was. Secondly, Euripides does not write _ Made _ with Aristotle rule of using surprise as a means of pity and terror. Lines 787 through 788 clearly depict what Is on Medias mind: For those children he had from me he will never see alive again. In these lines Made Is reveling her plan, leaving the audience with no suspense. The audience does not fear hat Made will do next, because we know already by her decree. Because the audience knows what will happen, the rest of the play becomes a bore. There Is no thrill of watching and engaging because the scheme of events has been told too early. If a reversal of events took place, then the audience would enjoy the play more, but because the events follow Just as we were told they would, there Is no element of surprise, or enjoyment for the audience. Although Made Is a revolutionary play that souses on the female mind and heart rather than the male gender,let cannot be Identified as a tragedy. Instead of feeling sympathy for Made, we view her as a pathetic character that Is non-remorseful. As well as the lack of a true tragic hero, a catharsis, and the element of surprise, the play does not offer any bigger spiritual lesson. Unlike Antigen, In which the chorus Illustrates the lessons of wisdom, reverence to the gods, and the arrogance of pride, Made offers no resolution which leaves the audience unsatisfied and non-moved.

Is the lenght of psychtherapy related to the nature of treatment or to Essay

Is the lenght of psychtherapy related to the nature of treatment or to the nature of psychological disorders - Essay Example Focal psychotherapy is a limited form of psychotherapy implying an existence of a specific problem and using so-called focused therapy for treating this problem. Psychoanalytic counseling is usually working with specific life situation occurred. It may be a period ranging from one meeting to several years. In some cases a person, who wishes to obtain psychoanalytic help, can choose the duration of treatment depending on the goals and circumstances. The duration and frequency of meetings are determined by the patient and the psychoanalyst and does not necessarily take a long time. If we talk about psychoanalytic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis, they are never limited to a specific time or course of treatment. Together these findings suggest that the length of any psychotherapy is related to the severity of mental disease. Thus, the argument is that the duration of therapy depends on the nature of stated problem and the patient's personality, the methods and various techniques should be chosen accordingly. Key words: psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, psychoanalytic theory, psychological disorder. Introduction Nowadays it is almost impossible to avoid stressfulness, anxiety and disturbance. The tempo of our contemporary life is so fast, that sometimes we really have no time just to get some rest, calm down and have a serious look at things happening in our life. We become too nervous, too irritated, too tired and unsatisfied with everything and anyone. Sometimes it is very difficult and even impossible to single out a definite reason for being so unhappy and distressed. As a matter of fact, such behavior becomes the reason of quarrels and scandals at work and home. Some people can cope with their problems by themselves, but some really need professional help and even treatment. Nobody can deny that everybody needs being heard and understood. With the help of mental health practitioners a lot of people are able to face their fears, doubts, complexes and thus, they ca n fight their own demons successfully. From ancient times people regarded the mental disorders as the most difficult to treat. Such illnesses were considered to be connected with human’s soul and they were almost incurable. In some countries such mentally sick people were supposed to be cursed, they were feared and sickening. In Russia, however, whacky people, or as they were called â€Å"God’s fools†, were considered to be blessed and piety; it was a great sin to hurt or abuse them somehow. Nevertheless, such people were never tried to be treated. But time is changing and there appeared a science that was able to give hope to hopeless, the science able to treat souls. Psychotherapy is a comparatively young science, and it is defined as treatment of different mental and emotional disorders by means of psychological methods. It is not a secret that at the present time more and more people try to seek this help in the offices of psychotherapists. It is necessary f or them to speak to a professional, to get a useful piece of advice and find a rest at last. But still it is not so easy. The period of recovering from any disease is always uneasy and complicated with lots of factors (Bateson, 1958). The therapist should understand the patient's problems, and actively help him overcome such hazards of life

Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment - Research Paper Example The interface is easy to understand and use. There is a provision for requesting orders and other queries. The website shows a provision with Amazon.com where the user can place their requests. The overall visual appeal of the website is captivating enough to reaction the interest of the user (Harry Potter Wizards Collection). Answer 2 The Harry Potter Wizard’s collection presents a vast array of the products and merchandise that was used in their marketing. The first site in the wand gestures section contains information about the collection offered in the website. It offers Harry Potter and the deathly hallows cd for both part1 and part2 versions in 2D and 3D versions. It also contains map of Hogwarts, concept art prints and catalogs of props as well as posters that were prepared by the graphic designers of the film. The second site labels collection contains a book of 32 pages that provides the prop labels such as the ones used in the magic potions, vials for memory, Honey dukes as well as Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes. There are also videos showing the complete collection of Harry Potter goodies and merchandise. From the visual content of the site, it has been built keeping in mind the wizard and magical content of the film. There is a brilliant usage of red, black and golden color in the site. The wand has been used for navigation purpose that makes it more interesting and produces a magical feel in the users. Apart from the cd, videos and other merchandise featured in The Harry Potter Wizard’s collection, the company Warner’s Brothers can use Harry Potter products like bags, coffee mugs featuring the different characters. They can also sell garments like t-shirts, sweatshirts for both boys and girls similar to the ones that were worn by the three main characters in the films. Thirdly, the company can organize trips for the masses in their make shift locations of the film. Answer 3(a) After examining the two sites for Harry Potter and batme n it was found that both the movies offer the same type of merchandise to the consumers. Items Available for Harry Potter Items Available for Batman DVD for Harry Potter series like Harry Potter wizard collection. Sound tracks like the Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part Two: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack CD, iphone cases featuring the film logos, bags and accessories such as earrings, necklace, pins etc. there were clothing for both kids and adults. Gift items were also available. DVD for Batman series like the animated series- tales of the dark knight. Digital video games were present such as the Arkham city. Plush toys featuring Batman costumes were available. Accessories in the form of backpacks, hats, jewelry, clothing like shirts for kids and adults, robes, jackets and sweatshirts were available. Most of the products available for the two movies are same in nature. It can be explained using porter’s differentiation strategy of the generic strategies model. Th e market for animated films and 2D/3D genre is very competitive and saturated. Also, Warner Brothers had the right elements to satisfy the needs of the movie fans. This helped them in creating a different brand identity for each films though the underlying physical commodity was the same such as the coffee mugs (Botten 276). Apart from these, movies such as the Lord of the Rings, Scooby Doo etc are featured in the Warner website. As Warner

How do you think the media influences the public's perception of the Essay

How do you think the media influences the public's perception of the criminal justice system - Essay Example As per the research of Beale and Lowndes (2007) the media thanks to the advancement in live television broadcasts and the thirst of the public to have the freshest and most exciting news possible has forced the once responsible media outlets to feed a frenzy of tabloid news reporting when it comes to the criminal justice beat instead. They explained that (Beale & Lowndes, 2007). â€Å"First, through agenda setting and priming, the news media’s relentless emphasis increases public concern about crime and makes it a more important criteria in assessing political leaders. Once the issue has been highlighted, the news media’s emphasis appears to increase support for punitive policies, though the mechanisms through which this occurs are less understood.... Finally, media appears to influence public attitudes about criminal justice policies by instilling and reinforcing racial stereotypes and linking race to crime†. In other words, the news media no longer just reports the news, it also helps chart the path that the justice system will take in relation to a certain crime and the involved personalities. This charting is based upon the medias own preset criteria of guilt or innocence in relation to their own personal or network standards for news reporting and information gathering. With â€Å"justice† oriented programs like Nancy Grace and Jane Velez gracing out TV screens, I believe that the theory of Beales and Lowndes (2007) carry the proper information and weight for me to understand that the media has influenced our perception of the criminal justice system and not in a good way. These days, we make decisions about the guilt or innocence of a person based upon information that these reporters get and, without verification, tell the viewers about. Instead of allowing to make informed decisions, the media instead asks us to make knee jerk reactions about their news reporting which could also be slanted one way or another

Collection of Reflective Statements

Collection of Reflective Statements Amruth Ganesh One of the famous Australian cricketer the world has seen is Ricky Thomas Ponting. He was captain of Australian cricket team. He captained test cricket between 2004 and 2011 and One day international cricket between the period 2002 and 2011. He is famous for his batting skills and is a right handed batsman. He is the 42nd Test captain of the country (http://www.espncricinfo.com Ricky Ponting). Under his captainship Australia won world cups in 2003 and 2007. He was also the part of 1999 world cup match. Ponting started playing cricket from an early age and made his debut in 1992 for Tasmania. In 1995 made his debut in one day international match. It is not only batting skills he is famous for but also fielding and his aggressive captaincy. He is the only person who showed eagerness to lead the team when Australia was in search of replacement for the legendary captain Steve Waugh in 1994. He is famous for his series of achievements. He has won Allan Border Medal four times (http://www.edubilla.com Ricky Ponting). He is one of the four players who have scored 13000 test runs in the history. He is the only cricketer who has bagged most test victories (48 out of 77 tests) and world cup as a captain. His Concentration on the game was amazing and never used to get distracted. Though his temperament was high during the matches, he was successful in managing his team. In 2012, Ponting announced his retirement from test cricket one day before the test against South Africa. He played his last one day international match on February 2012 and his last test cricket on December 2012. He will always be remembered as the most successful captain of all the time. References: Ricky Ponting Available at: [Accessed 04 Mar. 2017] List of Ricky Pontings achievements and statistics Available at: http://www.gutenberg.us/articles/list_of_ricky_pontings_achievements_and_statistics [Accessed 04 Mar. 2017] Most successful captain, but not much love for Ponting Available at: [Accessed 04 Mar. 2017] Reflection Essay 2: Workplace Culture I am from India. I have worked in India for about 3 years after graduation before coming to Australia for post graduation. I can now make out some of the noticeable changes comparing both countries in terms of workplace culture. In Australia more preference is given to balanced work life irrespective of the jobs. The average working hours per week varies around 40 hours (http://www.abs.gov.au Trends in hours worked). While in India we work for minimum 48 hours per week and sometimes it will go up to till 55 hours. Hierarchy structure in India varies from job to job and is pretty high when compared to Australia. Staying back late in the office is common in India. In Australia they maintain strict timings and usually people wont make it late to the office and rarely they stay back late in the evenings (https://www.canstar.com.au What is Australias working culture like?). The breaks given during office hours are less in Australia when compared to India where we get more break timings. The main policy which fascinated me the more is about dignity of labor here in Australia. No work is less; no work is more, is the motto here. All occupations are treated equally here where whereas in India prominence is not given that much to the dignity of labor. This is one of the main barrier that is hindering the work productivity. Usually people are respected based on type of occupation and sometimes people think twice before doing the jobs like drivers, waiters and house help. On the whole, both countries have their own set of workplace culture. Changing the work style of a country and adapting to it takes time. These work policies should be reviewed from time to time to ensure smooth work life balance. References: Available at: Australia culture in the workplace Available at: [Accessed 04 Mar. 2017] Cultural Differences between India and Australia Available at: [Accessed 04 Mar. 2017] Reflection essay 3: The evolution of social media channels Social media is mainly a public platform to interact and connect with people through web-based technology. Social media channels contribute majorly in exchange of ideas between the people. Some of the examples are Facebook, Whatsapp, LinkedIn, Twitter, Youtube and so on. Today LinkedIn has more than 297 million members (http://www.digitaltrends.com The history of social networking). Communication between the people has become more convenient nowadays through these channels when compared to earlier times. Earlier it was more tedious process to connect with people more often. The evolution of social media has made a significant impact in the recent days. It has changed the way the people communicate with each other. These channels has become boon to marketing people. Marketing in these channels are free and reaches more people globally when compared to old traditional methods. Movie promotions go viral on these channels.   Its a good platform for new talents to showcase their skills. One of major benefit of these channels are exposure to more job opportunities and searching job has been made easier through these channels. The Sensis Social media report shows that 50 percent of users are accessing social media every day (http://www.shortpress.com How the evolution of social media has changed Australian small business). On the other hand there is significant number of drawbacks for these channels. Cyber bullying in the recent times have been increased and adults are more likely to get affected by this. More addiction to this social media will likely cause depression among people. Trolling and harassment cases have also been increasing. Hacking has become another major problem these days. There is considerable amount of threat if these channels are not used properly. Social media has become part of our life now. This has both advantages disadvantages. We always should be looking forward to make best out of this. We should not get addicted to this and should make proper use of these channels. References: 5 Social-Media Opportunities Businesses Mostly Overlook Available at:    [Accessed 04 Mar. 2017] Social media best practice for business Available at: [Accessed 04 Mar. 2017] 7 Social Media Challenges And Business Opportunities For Social Media Managers Available at: [Accessed 04 Mar. 2017] Reflection essay (Workshop 2) In Week 2 class professor explained about the importance of communication skill. I learnt how useful communication is, in exchanging ideas and information from one another which helps us to grow personally and also professionally. I also learnt about three different types of communication that is verbal, nonverbal and graphic communication. There are two types of communication in the workplace namely formal and Informal way of communication. Also I learnt when and where to use this particular type of communication.   During this, one guy in the class raised a question that whether gender needs to considered as a part of communication, later which professor clarified by saying it needs to be considered. Professor also taught about types of nonverbal messages and classification of nonverbal communication. Main pillars of the constructive and effective communication are Ask, Look and Listen. One more important thing I learnt is listening is more important than speaking because we receive information when we listen. Professor stressed more on Active listening which is necessary to become an effective communicator and it also encourages the person on the other side. Also came to know about the listening funnel, forms of questioning and also types of questions. Professor made us understand the importance of seven elements of communication process and different causes for communication barriers. Social networking platforms play an important role in communication. I understood the need of behaving ethically while business communication. Overall the session was more interacting one and professor encouraged each and everyone to actively participate in the learning and discussion. Also professor allowed us to discuss on case studies and guided us about assignments. Case Study 1: 1.  Bernie has to apologize to Nicola for not appreciating the work she has done. He must assure her this wont be repeated again in the future and should convince her to continue working. He should ask here to be bold enough in raising her questions and clarifying them, so that it will be easy to resolve the conflicts. 2.  I would suggest Bernie to have more frequent interaction with Nicola and should try to understand her concerns regarding the work. He should avoid thanking her when she is alone instead he should appreciate her work in front of everyone and should also contribute by helping her in the work, which makes Nicola more confident and will be happy to continue work with him. 3.  Nicola should first listen with open mind while she is being instructed and should ask whatever doubts she has and must clarify at the end before starting up the work. She should stop talking to herself and start raising concerns if she is feeling something is not going right. This way she can work with clear mind and will be more confident. Q2: 1. Maintain eye contact with speaker Ensure correct posture Be attentive and dont get distracted Keep an open mind Respond appropriately Dont interrupt or suggest in the middle Use mirroring of some facial expression of the speaker Ask relevant questions Try to feel what speaker is feeling Summarize back to the speaker Give feedback to the speaker 2. Verbal signals Nonverbal signals Remembering Eye contact Question and answer Handshake Giving feedback Gestures Summarizing in the end Dressing Being attentive Facial expression 3.  In a workplace my active listening skill will show that I am a good listener and it also shows my interest towards the work. It makes an impression that I am respecting my co-workers and also helps me in gaining their trust. It also helps in solving the conflicts between one another by encouraging them to speak openly. It gives better insight in understanding the problems and thus enabling me to provide best and suitable solutions to it. It helps me in noting down few points regarding what happened in meeting and thus helps me gain better understanding and remember them, so that feedback can be given and questions can be raised at the end of the meeting.

The Reason Behind the Flooding of Great Salt Lake Essay -- Terry Willi

The Reason Behind the Flooding of Great Salt Lake In Refuge, Terry Tempest Williams blames a natural disaster—the overflowing of the Great Salt Lake in Utah--for the destruction of the place she loved most in the world, the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge. What Williams attempts to explain, however, is that this disaster wasn’t really â€Å"natural† at all. Refuge is critiqued by some for being over-dramatized, and Terry Tempest Williams is often criticized for blaming the world and others for the loss of the bird refuge. In fact, Williams is correct when she says that humans are responsible for the flooding of Salt Lake, which was caused by the construction of a railroad causeway that split Great Salt Lake into two bodies of water. The author is not a reckless finger-pointer, she is a realist. In describing the bird refuge before the flooding, Williams goes into great detail about the abundance of birds and vegetation that inhabited her paradise: â€Å"Avocets and black-necked stilts are knee deep in water alongside interstate 80. Flocks of California gulls stand on a disappearing beach†¦I inhale the salty air. It is like ocean, even the lake is steel-blue with whitecaps†(Williams 30). In a visit to the bird refuge with her grandmother, she describes the refuge as a place full of life, with countless birds among beautiful plants and wildlife. Indeed, the bird refuge was a sanctuary to her; there was something magical, she writes, about seeing the thousands of different birds in one place, a sight that kept her going back. The rise of Great Salt Lake engulfed the refuge, and as the flooding continued, the population of birds plummeted, Williams’ sanctuary turned into a graveyard filled with only memories of the birds she grew ... ...e the ones most affected by flooding, are also those where the poorest residents live. In 1987, three pumps were used to pump 800,000 acres of water into the West Pond of Salt Lake in an attempt to even out the water levels on the two sides of the lake. This effort to fix the lakes’ problems, which cost $60 million, became known as the West Desert Pumping Project. The project went on for more than two years, until 2.7 million acre-feet of water, containing 695 million tons of salt, were pumped out. (www.ugs.state.ut.us/online/PI-39/pi39pg08 ) These pumps were successful in balancing the lake’s water levels, and remain on standby in case of another disastrous rise. It remains to be seen, however, whether this corrective measure will restore Great Salt Lake’s wildlife—and particularly the birds that Terry Tempest Williams treasured—to their pre-causeway levels.

Art Therapy Essay

I. Introduction, History, and Problem â€Å"Art speaks of originality, individuality, a creative process, graphic materials, colors, textures, spontaneity, risk, alternatives, and imagination†¦ Therapy implies taking care of, waiting, listening, healing, moving towards wholeness, growth provoking medicine, human exchange, sympathetic understanding† (Fleshman and Fryrear, 1981, p.75), quoting from a research paper of Dr. Carol Lark of The Art Center in Missouri. So what then truly is Art Therapy? Art therapy is a form of psychological therapy that employs artistic media, not verbal communication, as its principal means of communication to help and cure patients, who are suffering from traumatic experiences, mental or physical problems, and behavioral imbalance. Art media includes painting or drawing, photo image, sculpture, clay art, color art and other forms that showcase their feelings, moods, and maybe even show hidden talents or abilities that they are not aware of. But clients who are in need of this therapy do not have to be skilled in the arts, for the main concern is not the aesthetics of the creation but to cause change and growth in the life of the client. Art therapy is a procedure administered by an art therapist in a designated art therapy room to bring about a successful result of the practice. The art therapist is a highly-trained and experienced professional whose skills are tested by a patient in a complex and difficult task to improve his/her well-being. They are well educated about human nature and development, psychological theories, clinical practice, spiritual, multicultural and artistic language and traditions, and the healing probabilities of art. Art therapist convenes with people of all ages and social standing either in individual or group settings. The art therapy room or â€Å"creative arena† (Case, 1992, p.19) is the place where a â€Å"triangular relationship† (Case, 1992, p.19) is formed by the art work created, the patient or client, and the therapist. This kind of relationship is what makes art therapy different form other clinical practices of therapy. This arena is expected to be a place of security and of peace so that the right therapeutic process is administered thoroughly and far better results are achieved. Art therapy was first coined by an artist named Adrian Hill who was practicing it with his tuberculosis patients at the King Edward VII Sanatorium in Sussex to recover from their illness. In its formative years in the United States, from the early 1930s through the middle 1950s, art therapy was practiced by fine artists and art educators in medical, psychiatric and educational centers and facilities. Although the first post was established in 1946, early stages of the profession of art therapy were seen in the 1950s. There were debates and discussions whether it is to be considered a profession or an acceptable mode of therapy in psychology. Through the other disciplines, these are psychology, sociology, anthropology, physiology, aesthetics, and education, it later became known as a profession and was officially recognized in the health service in 1981. It became extensively distinguished from then on and is continuously expanding. Since art therapy is practiced by different therapists, it is rather a diverse career or clinical practice. However, despite the diversity of work, I believe that art therapy improves/changes attitude of people who have psychological problems. II. Function/Significance of Research This research is designed to further address the argument within this kind of profession: whether it is the art creation itself that serves as a healing mediator, whether it is the existence of the therapist that uplifts the distraught, whether it is the art therapy place that serves as a temporary haven, or is it the overall components of art therapy-the art, the therapist, and the therapy room- working together as a team to improve the condition of the patient. It aims to present an understanding of art therapy as an effective psychotherapeutic approach to patients and give them an idea of the progress of this clinical practice. The discussion in the rationale page is an extensive talk about the real claims of art therapy as a healing process to psychologically-impaired individuals. It talks about the factors that comprise a sound art therapy session and the affirmation seen by therapists on their clients after the artistic experience is explored. This paper intends to introduce to the readers both the theory, applications, and practices of art therapy and gives them the imagination to discover the value of it through different work settings. There is also the attempt to summarize the most important points and features of this kind of practice for understanding of new readers to this field. Although, the foremost objective of this paper is to make people believe what they think is unbelievable in the arts and its purpose. To let them realize that healing is not just a personal struggle if you let other people come into your life and show you the way to personal redemption. III. Rationale (explore the hypothesis) When Hill started to practice art therapy, he discovered that painting has two purposes for the patient: it became a way to kill the time and it also provided them a medium to release anxiety and trauma. Even in the most serious or aggravating situations in our lives, through artistic expressions we experience a sense of power and liberation; our dignity and self-respect are stimulated by this creative activity as opposed to those who say that creative expression is a shallow approach to good health and well-being. History shows that self-repair and total transformation is achieved through the dominant force of art expression. Victims of disaster, tragedy, despair, or the daily dangers of life respond to these kinds of cases with affirmations of care and love for each other due to the healing process of art therapy conducted in peaceful and safe places of free expression. Take for example the case of 9/11 terrorist attacks. During their time of grief, people gathered together to release the negative emotions and commemorate the loss of their loved ones. Despite the hatred and anger, compassion among them superseded everything. Within the area of attacks, people offered flowers, prayers, songs, and presented memorabilia such as drawings, sketches, photo images of the victims. These are true examples of artistic expression, both the verbal and nonverbal medium that help the families and friends of the victims overcome the pain and trauma of losing a loved one. â€Å"Psychological safety is a primary element of the healing environment† (Kalmanowitz, 2005, p.xiv) because they are afraid to reveal themselves in places where they believe their artworks and actions will be misunderstood and shamed. In this tragedy, even though the towers were the targets of attacks, these people felt secure expressing their grief because mainly of the overflow of emotions encompassing the area. They felt that it was okay to pour out their pain, and they were not alone. Volunteer groups, either professional or non-professional clinicians, stood by them and comforted the down-trodden. But the process did not end there because survivors were involved in support group therapy that uses art as the basis of healing. Any creation or image presented by the client signifies an emotion or thought, even the past, present, or future phases of his/her life. Inner experience and feelings surface through the art process in a chaotic raw form. These art materials provide a concrete way through which the conscious and unconscious aspects of a person can be revealed. Art or expressive therapy grants an opportunity for the individual to discern the bad habits that generate conflicts within himself and conflicts with other people. â€Å"Making the invisible visible is a major function of the art in art therapy† (Lark, 2001, p.1). The object appears to the therapist as an extension of the client’s self with a symbolic meaning yet to be understood by both of them. The object or image is telling us a story. It opens opportunities to enter and read the human psyche. The making of an artwork encourages discipline and self-esteem, and requires socialization within the confinements of the therapeutic sessions. The judgment and comprehension of the therapist is based on how the object is made and what art materials are used to complete the image. Therapists are expected to learn the underlying meanings of it since this was part of their education and practice. Therapists are expected to be sensitive people on matters of sensitivity of the client’s mind and soul. Let’s take another example designed by art therapy practitioners. The â€Å"House-Tree-Person technique† (Hammer, 1964, p.9) is one of the popular and widely-used psychoanalytic tasks used as an approach in art therapy. The House-Tree-Person technique requires the client to draw a house, a tree and a person on a white paper. This drawing or image evaluates how the client sees himself or herself in the world through the comprehension of the therapist. The branches of the Tree overextended upward or outward are interpreted by the therapist as the subject’s over striving for success. Windows situated against the wall of the House, so the side of the House also serves as one side of the windows, represent feelings of lack of self-confidence. If in profile view, only one part of the person-for example, head or body- is shown, an elusive attitude in social affairs is projected. For deeply depressed patients, lack of complete details and use of very faint lines are a combination found in their works. A feeling of isolation, exposure, and helplessness in the face of environmental pressures is, on the other hand, seen in a line sloping downwards and away from the drawn whole. Meanwhile, art therapy with individual clients and groups should also be considered as to the client’s presentation of his art. Individual client setting is requested when he/she feels more comfortable in creative expression if it is a direct one on one approach. Group therapy setting is rather joined by an individual if she feels profited by another person’s warmth and physical closeness, which is based on the philosophy that man is a social being. However, group clients still break away from each other at some points and that has to be understood and patiently addressed by the therapist. IV. Methodology of Research The methodology of research I used is mainly through the inductive technique or the collection of data and evaluation of results. Definition, background, historical context and other useful data were collated from resource books on art therapy and from the suppositions of clinical practitioners of art therapy. Data collected were also taken from some research and background academic papers of art therapy professionals. The case sample on the 9/11 attacks were based on newspaper and television accounts, audio-visual and printed memories and notes of the tragedy by journalists. The concrete sample of House-Tree-Person technique was taken from an author’s description. Most research details were gathered from the books and resource papers of authors Lark, Case, Kalmanowitz, and Hammer, carefully examined and understood. Although interviews were not taken, personal notes of motivation and daily observation on people around were also bases on this research. Motivational quotations were also extracted from the resources to define the drama of the whole healing process. V. Conclusion of Research Art therapy can be used with children, adolescents and adults in a wide variety of settings and applications. As an integrative therapy, it offers a necessary option for clients who may need an experiential, less verbally-driven approach. People in all walks of life turn to creative expressions, some may not even be aware that they are already exposed to this activity, because of the lack of knowledge and help from professionals. There are national organizations in and outside America looking after the improvement or development of standards and training in art therapies. One is seen in private offices or corporations, outpatient clinics and hospitals, community and rehabilitation centers, prisons, and schools or universities. They work with individual or group to paint, draw, or do other artwork and derive the importance of imagery used in their creations. These professionals and organizations work hand in hand with each other to bring about a better quality of service in art therapy for their craft and for the benefit of their clients. It has to be realized by the people around psychologically-problematic cases that healing does not only come from the successful art therapy sessions, but their support also contributes to the whole process that they want to achieve for themselves or for other people. Lest they forget that some of the causes of their depression, stress, trauma, and tensions come from their family and society. The successful interpretation of the art object by the therapist, the willingness of the client to open up to the therapist and to other people as well, the comfortable and secure setting of the therapy room, and the artwork itself be it aesthetically balanced or not, all of these components of art therapy are relevant to the client’s well being. The absence of one component means the incomplete and ineffective process of art therapy. Kalmanowitz (2005) also believed that â€Å"the healing qualities of art relate to the total spectrum of the soul’s experience and that art therapy’s relevance is dependent upon its willingness to meet new challenges and go to places where troubles in the human condition exist† (p.xii). Friedrich Nietzsche also once said that unless we deal with our pain, we are truly lost. So much has been said to validate the real nature of art therapy in personal and communal perspectives then and now. But one thing is for sure, art therapy and its relations with other disciplines will continue to develop in the future. Art therapy really changes/improves the attitude of people with psychological problems. We just have to look within ourselves and we might find the urge to help them; we have to look again within ourselves and we might find ourselves needing the therapy for our own conscious and unconscious demons tearing us apart. In these difficult times, we are everyday faced with disconcerting situations where we are left in the middle of the struggle and we do not know how to fight back. These kinds of situations when treated with neglect, thrown away in the air as if it is nothing, are the ones that are dangerous to the human psyche. Do you want to see yourself dancing in the streets naked? Can you see one of your family members killing herself or himself? Would you like to see a world of deranged men acting as beasts? That is why God created us in his own image and likeness, for us to realize that we are made human beings to love and be loved just like he did. References Case, C. and Tessa Dalley. (1992). The Handbook of Art Therapy. New York: Tavistock/Routledge. Fleshman, B. and Jerry L. Fryrear. (1981). The Arts in Therapy. Chicago: Nelson-Hall. Hammer, E. (1964). The House-Tree-Person (H-T-P) Clinical Research Manual. New York: Western Psychological Services. Hill, A. (1941). Art versus Illness. London: George Allen & Unwin. Kalmanowitz, D. and Bobby Lloyd. (2005). Art Therapy and Political Violence: With Art, Without Illusion. London: Bruner-Routledge. Killick, K. and Joy Schaverien. (1997). Art, Psychotherapy and Psychosis. London: Routledge. Lark, C. (2001). Art Therapy Overview: An Informal Background Paper. Retrieved from http://www.art-therapy.com/ArtTherapyOverview.htm. Waller, D. (1993). Group Interactive Art Therapy: Its Use in Training and Treatment. London: Routledge

Clueless essays

Clueless essays Clueless is a modern day film based on the novel Emma by Jane Austin. The film includes the themes teen love, appearance, social class and friendship. There are 2 main characters in the film, the first is Cher, she is a rich teenage girl living in Beverly Hills and the second main character is Josh; who is her stepbrother who has come to stay. The film is about Cher trying to match make the new girl at Chers school, Ty, so that she will become popular, however in doing this Cher doesnt realise that she is only making herself and Ty unhappy. The main issue of the film is Chers journey to self-knowledge and understanding about herself and how other people, particularly Josh, try to help her get there. Cher is constructed as rich, beautiful, she lives in a nice house, is popular and incredibly clueless. The audience is positioned to responds to this construct by liking Cher from the beginning. It is often argued that the film Clueless has had great impact on the teenage generation. The opening two scenes in Clueless established Cher and her place in the world. The first scene showed all of Chers friends, her house and her jeep. Having all these things flashing in a montage the audience feels that they know what the story is about quickly at the beginning. During the montage the camera used tilt up shots, looking up at girls sunbaking on the rocks, these make the character look superior, and they used medium shots and also used almost every type of shot because this gives a wide view of the things in Chers life. This scene constructs Cher as a rich, selfish upper class girl. The opening scene in the film is set to the song Kids in America and Cher and her friends are a perfect match for the song. Cher and her friends are all good looking in this scene and the characters also all have nice clothes and therefore the audience is positioned to like them. The audience has been positioned to respond ...

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