Wednesday, July 31, 2019
Descartes on God Essay
Rene Descartes is a famous French philosopher and is considered as the â€Å"Father of Rationalism. †The aim of his philosophy was to arrive in a solid foundation for knowledge. In order to arrive in this, he used a method called the Methodic Doubt wherein he doubted the senses, mathematics, and even the existence of god. It was only until he arrived with a solid entity called â€Å"the cogito†was Descartes able to discover the center of his existence. Upon finding this center, he was able to use this entity as a means into explaining the existence of the things he previously doubted. In regards to proving the existence of god, we need to tackle first why Descartes needed to doubt the existence of god. This was a very important step in his philosophy because the theories in his philosophy would have a sounder foundation if he was going to use them to explain the existence of God. As what was stated above, Descartes used the Methodic Doubt in order to arrive with the cogito and say his phrase â€Å"cogito ergo sum†or I think therefore I am. This cogito exists in a metaphysical plane because Descartes believed that everything that existed in the physical world were not real. The reasons why he had to doubt the physical world include the fact that the senses deceive us. Examples of these are a pencil which gives the illusion of bending after placing it in a glass of water. Others include dreams which a person would consider to be so real until they wake up in bed. And finally, everything in this world is subject to change which he presented after burning a piece of wax and then asking if the residue of the wax is still considered as wax. After doubting the senses, he soon went to doubt the validity of the physical world. In order to do this, he asserted that there is a malevolent demon that would deceive us into believing that what we perceive is real. Now that he was able to discard god as the foundation of true knowledge, we now shifts his focus to the cogito. However, being left with the cogito could lead to solipsism, a view wherein a person believes that only the individual exists, since everything existed except the cogito. So Descartes needed to prove the existence of God in order to validate the existence of the physical world and free his philosophy from the perils of solipsism. Descartes gave some arguments that led to his proofs of the existence of god. His first proof dealt with the nature of ideas. He classified different kinds of ideas such as those that are innate in a person and those that were received through experience. Being rationalists, he considered ideas cause by the experience doubtful since they do arise from the senses, which he discarded as the means for a clear and distinct idea. So, he shifted his focus to innate ideas, or ideas that have been with a person since birth, and placed the idea of god under this classification. Now, Descartes asked from where these innate ideas came. It cannot be from nothingness since something cannot spring out of nothing. In addition, a perfect idea like that of god cannot come from a less perfect being and so he concluded that there was a first cause that placed the idea of a supreme being in my mind. This argument of Descartes can be compared with that of Saint Augustine’s first cause. However, the difference here is that the arguments of Saint Augustine dealt with motion and change within the physical world. Descartes arguments on the other had, tackle solely with ides and from where they came from. In addition to the argument of a first mover, Descartes was able to prove the existence of god through his own mortality. He asked himself how a person could think of an infinite being, such as god, if there is nothing to compare this form of existence with anything. It is from his own finite existence that he is able to create a distinction between the two modes of existence and prove the existence of an infinite and perfect being that is outside him. His next argument was derived from Saint Anselm’s ontological argument. Here, Descartes tries to justify his argument through describing a triangle. Whenever we would think of a triangle, the first thing that would enter our minds are its attributes, i. e. that it has three sides, all its angles have a total of 180 degrees, etc. Just like whenever we would think of the idea of god, we would usually first think of his attributes which are being omniscient, all-knowing, etc. The difference here is hat although we are able to think of a triangle, thinking about one does not necessarily entail it’s existence. On the other hand, to think of god as a perfect and infinite being must entail that he does exists for to say that a perfect being does not exists would mean that we are depriving god of one attribute and thus making him less perfect. So given this argument, Descartes asserts that existence is needed for perfection for there would be a major contradiction within the assertion of a perfect being that is lacking of any attribute. Finally, Descartes finally says that this god cannot be a deceiving god which he assumed in the beginning. This god cannot be a deceiver for this attribute cannot be found in a perfect being such as god because the act of deceiving someone arises from a certain defect. Upon proving the existence of god, Descartes was able to expand this philosophy by proving the existence of a separate world. He was able to do this by stating that the physical world exists since man was given a certain inclination in order to perceive the world. This inclination was given to us by god and we must believe that the world is true for god would not deceive us with this special inclination that he has given. After reading the proofs of Descartes, I would have to say that his arguments are very solid and logical that it would be hard to think otherwise. However, my only problem with Descartes philosophy is that he used the cogito as a scapegoat to all the problems that he encountered. What Descartes would do is that from the cogito he would begin to explain certain things such as god and the physical world. He would then explore these ideas but when he begins to run of way to explain his arguments he would go back to the cogito. AN example here would be when he tried to explain the existence of the physical world. He simply had to rely on the existence of god and that the inclination he gave man to believe that this world is true. This explanation, to me, seems more as a matter of faith in god as a non-deceiving being rather than a rational explanation.
Tuesday, July 30, 2019
MIS Coursework
Answer 12: The intelligent techniques are the various ways into which the humans would devise an electronic device to perform what they do with their intelligence and manual energy. The various intelligent techniques would make sure that all the various collaborations among the machines are invested into various kinds of expertise which are required for making it replace human efficiency for productive use of time and effort. The behavioral attitude and the exposure which is required for fetching the right kind of mannerism and exact pattern matching on the part of the electronic devices for making them to perform in line with the humans. The intelligent devices are of great interest to the businesses for knowledge management as they are required to manage the data which is very crucial for making the gross transition towards the management of knowledge and its successful retrieval. The organizational attitude towards various forms of knowledge must be understood and dealt accordingly with respect to demand. The priority of knowledge derivation and data warehousing would make sure that all the various forms of knowledge would be handled and managed for its being when a lot of evaluative and intelligent analysis is required for the job. Various patterns of knowledge are crucial to businesses to predict future actions and make help them in decision making in businesses. The various forms of decision making require valid data and information to derive at business solutions. The various differences between human intelligence are as follows: Human beings think and behave rationally while AI imitates the actions and behavior of human beings and their thinking and reasoning process. Human intelligence makes the computers intelligent and automates the activities like decision making, problem solving, learning and reasoning process so that still it can remain within human control. Answer 13: Expert systems are a branch of computer science, which deals with the study and creation of computer system that exhibits some form of intelligence. AI is the process of making machine intelligent, so that it can perform well and efficiently in absence of human beings. It is system that performs either of the following: i.     Learns new concepts and tasks. ii.     Reason and draw conclusion. iii.     Able to explain iv.     Process natural language. It is the process of developing computer programs to solve out complex problems by application of processes analogous to the human reasoning process. It is a system that thinks and behaves rationally like human. This definition has got two major parts: Computer solution for major problems is one where regular software exists Process, which is analogous to the human reasoning process, is the distinguishing feature of AI programs. Characteristics of AI programs: i.     AI programs manipulate symbolic information to a large extent in contrast to the conventional program. ii.     AI program has combinatorial explosion of solution. iii.     AI programs deal with real life problems to a large extent. iv.     A vital characteristic of AI program is that it is easy to learn. Intelligence requires knowledge and knowledge should have some desirable properties. AI technique is a method that exploits the knowledge that should be represented in such a way that 1.     Knowledge captures generalization i.e. it is necessary to group the objects together, which share important and common properties. ii.           It can be understood by people, who must provide it. iii.           It can easily be modified to correct errors and reflect changes in the world and in the world’s view. iv.           It should have a wide application and implementation area, even though it is incomplete and inaccurate. v.           It should be used to overcome narrow range of possibilities. Advantage: Generalized and self-explanatory like search strategies for knowledge representation. Disadvantage: Voluminous, hard to characterize and constantly changing. Three important AI techniques: i.           Search: It provides a framework in which any available direct technique can be embedded. It provides a problem solving method for which no more direct approach is available. ii.           Use of knowledge: Provides a way of solving complex problem, by exploiting the structure of objects involved. iii.           Abstraction: Provides a way of separating out important features and variations from unimportant ones. Expert systems help in knowledge management as the ability to learn from the environment and make decisions would contribute to the very catering of knowledge and its usage. The expert systems utilize knowledge and skills to a very large extent and make enough judgment for making a right mark.
Monday, July 29, 2019
Political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2
Political science - Essay Example You can not wipe out cronyism and lobbyist influence with these laws, only increase the possibility of subterfuge on the part of those who would influence or be influenced. The reforming of political party financing is an excellent example. Annual contributions from individuals to a registered political party are going to be restricted to $1, 000. This cap will also be placed on those made by corporations, unions, and organizations. This is an excellent plan, in theory, but there are ways to get around it. Does the government have the ability and finances to ferret out the origins of every $1,000 contribution individuals make? If they are not currently capable of patrolling the party’s contributors now, what makes them think that they will be able to in the future. Someone, say a union official, can pay someone else, or several someones, to make contributions and as long as they stay within the proscribed limits, unless it can be proven otherwise through thorough investigation, no law has clearly been broken. These people are still exerting political influence within the confines of the Act. Influence and money are still being applied to the same ends as they were before, even though they are being done legally. In a capitalist country, money will out, and it doesn’t matter how many laws there are in effect, including the banning of secret donations to political candidates, people will be turned to others’ ways of thinking and voting. A considerable number of $499 gifts can be slid under the Federal Accountability Act’s radar under these new rules to finance candidates. And if the people who are trying to enter politics or are currently involved in politics and their parties are not considered to be strictly honest then how can anyone assume that the Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner will be any more unimpeachable? Finally, lobbying has always been a
Sunday, July 28, 2019
Final 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Final 2 - Essay Example That was then. So what about today? The world is at a risk of obliterating itself with the use of such energy to create dangerous weapons. This paper will examine some of the issues brought about by the use of nuclear energy in making nuclear weapons, and what this means to the world, in the foreseeable future. Question 1 One aspect of nuclear proliferation is the disregard for human life in the world. This is a risk to world peace because; many countries are involved in making nuclear weapons available thinking other countries are also doing so. Nuclear proliferation is enabling nuclear weapons to be available, the knowledge on nuclear energy, and the materials used to make them available. Countries are quick to find material that is likely to assist in making these weapons, but the sad part of all this is that, nobody is doing anything about it (Corera, 2006). Vast amounts of capital are used in the research and study of nuclear energy meant for building weapons, and yet, many coun tries elsewhere are battling with diseases and hunger. Moreover, nuclear proliferation is rampant because of mistrust among nations. Two nations known for battling openly over nuclear weapons are the United States of America, and Iran. Iran is involved in manufacturing nuclear munitions. America is assured of this fact. This thought warranted the invasion of a country in search of these weapons, which to this day, still remains an illusion. It is this mistrust that puts the whole world at risk as this hatred is likely to go global. In such a case, many nations will suffer (Corera, 2006). Claims that Israel is involved in nuclear weapon manufacture have been heard, but nobody is yet to invade the country in search of these weapons. Restrictions must be made to dissuade the use of nuclear material in any way. This may reduce nuclear proliferation over time. Question 2 Nations are likely to use nuclear weapons in the future because these weapons are indiscriminate and inhumane. They ha ve the capability of destroying everything in their wake, and in the case of war, the use of these weapons will be the first option. The rising tensions in many parts of the world have many individuals up in arms over the use of nuclear weapons to remedy the situation. These weapons are capable of eradicating the human race in a frighteningly short time. The problem with such tensions is that, nobody is willing to admit their involvement in such tendencies. This causes more tension, which further increases the chances of the use of nuclear weapons in the future (Corera, 2006). Another reason why countries are likely to turn to nuclear weapons in the future would be double standards between the first world nations. The U.S has policies against the use of nuclear weapons. However, the same country advocates for the use of nuclear energy (Corera, 2006). The use of nuclear energy is just an excuse to experiment on nuclear weapons. The two are tied together, hence; one cannot claim that the signing of a few terms of agreement can avoid the practice of nuclear armaments in the future. This is what has everyone antsy about the current situation in terms of nuclear weapons. Question 3 Western intelligence agencies are incapable of addressing nuclear threats adequately because of lack of jurisdiction (Corera, 2006). The only thing they can do at the moment is carry out surveillance, and voice
Selected Family Health Promotion Assessment and Initiative Essay
Selected Family Health Promotion Assessment and Initiative - Essay Example Health promotion impacts positively on health literacy centering on health related knowledge, attitudes, motivation, confidence; behavioral intentions; and, personal skills relating to healthy lifestyles. The central purpose of this paper is to examine the concepts of health and learning as outlined by the McGill model of Nursing. In light of family partnership, I visited a family three times in which I adequately familiarized with the family’s health goals and concerns, their present strengths, coping strategies, and resource utilization. Selected Family Health Promotion Assessment and Initiative Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background and Aims Health promotion refers to the process of enabling individuals to exercise control over their health and its determinants. Health promotion seeks to create an environment that is essential for the making of informed choices. Health promotion approaches include early intervention and prevention such as primary health screening and survei llance; identification of opportunities to facilitate and support healthy lifestyles choices; understanding and application of the determinants of health encompassing aspects such as societal influences on the health of individuals (Allen & Warner, 2002). Effective health promotion requires gathering of enough information regarding the identified health issue. The underpinning issues in health promotion activities include individual beliefs, knowledge and attitudes centering on the health issue (Friedman, Bowden, & Jones, 2003). This factor in inspired by the manner in which an individual thinks, which renders him/her susceptible to developing the health problem. The McGill model of nursing, whose salient features encompass health, family, collaboration, and learning was developed by F. Moyra Allen. The McGill model of nursing can be praised for its fluidity, flexibility, and functionality. The model core focus centers on health promotion, especially within the family. The goal of t he model is to bridge the gap evidenced by the absence of community resources that pursue the healthy development of families across their life span (Allen & Warner, 2002). Some of the assumptions of the model include every family has capabilities or health potential manifested by strengths, motivation, and resources that form the foundation of health promotion behavior, and the outcomes of health promotion hinges on competence in health behavior and enhanced health status. 1.2 Nature of the Home Visits The visit to David’s family was a referral made by a neighbor out of concern that the family was tackling various health issues. Since the visits are conducted at home, I had to decide the times that would be best to reach the target audiences, especially which the family members are likely to pay attention, act on the message, or find the messages more engaging. This situation meant that I must pay close attention to providing explanations for the initial phone call, and avai l an opportunity for the family to accept or reject the visit. Prior to the introductory meeting with the family, I had to prepare adequately beforehand to ensure that the meeting was successful. I made the phone call to the family and requested a home visit and expressed my desire to meet up with the whole family. The family in question was a single family comprising of a father, David, and his two teenage daughters, Natalie and Millie. I came to learn later that
Saturday, July 27, 2019
Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 17
Strategic management - Essay Example In this approach, resource allocation plays a major role as implementation of a plan requires wide array of resources. There has been numerous models and frameworks developed by practitioners in context of strategic decision making. This approach cannot be considered as static in nature and the models comprise of feedback to monitor execution. Strategies are designed by organizations in order to obtain valuable and unique position in the market place. Strategic management helps an organization to identify its areas of strengths that can be utilized to obtain desirable goals and objectives. In this particular study, strategic management at Nestle will be thoroughly analyzed. Nestle is a Swiss multinational company belonging to the food and beverage industry. The company has its headquarters in Vevey, Switzerland. Nestle can be stated as the largest food company in context of revenue margins. A merger of Anglo-Swiss Milk Company led to the formation of Nestle in 1905. The company has e xpanded its business operations through product diversification strategy. It initially manufactured infant formula products and condensed but later shifted into wide range of products such as bottled water, tea, coffee, breakfast cereals, baby food, dairy products, frozen food, confectionary, snacks, ice-creams and pet foods. On the other hand, the company has even done series of corporate acquisitions so as to sustain its position in the industry. Nutrition can be stated as the core principle in Nestle’s business operations. However in the current scenario more emphasis is given on this factor along with wellness and health. Individual business units and corporate wellness units of Nestle are major driving forces in Good Life, Good Food to end users. The global population has witnessed a tremendous growth and it has summed up to six billion. There have been changes in lifestyle and even living standards have improved in
Friday, July 26, 2019
Issues in Australian Health Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Issues in Australian Health Services - Essay Example Australia has many problems in the healthcare system of today, very much like many other countries in the world . In an effort to determine what the top issues for this system are, a survey was done. This survey was posted on Google Master and healthcare workers were informed that it was available. The goal was five responses and twelve actually responded all professionals and all but two were RNs. This paper will take the results of this survey and compare the top three issues to the research. (Note full results of survey in Appendix A). The top three issues as noted in the survey of professionals in the system were, in this order, the increasing aging population including the aging of the healthcare workforce itself, lack of adequate funding to meet the needs of the community or to incentivize nurses to join or remain in the system, and access to health care for rural Australians. All of these three issues, though they appear to be different are tied to two issues. The first is the nursing shortage and the second is the political atmosphere related to healthcare at this time. Research supports the surveyed nurses and their concerns about healthcare in Australia. The biggest challenge at this time is the increased need for care causing a high demand when there are both financial and manpower shortages in the healthcare industry (Gray, Mell & Meinsch, 2009). There is a major shortage of carrers for an increasing number of paitents entering the system. According to Australian Nursing Federation (ANF, 2006). workers in aged care are less often supervised than they need to be based on the fact that there no one to supervise. The Aged Care Assessment Team is becoming overwhelmed and the effect of that is shift to stigmatizing, targeting, and selecting of available care for those that most often need it (Gray, 2009). The second group that deals with this issue is the HACC (home and community care) which is a
Thursday, July 25, 2019
Volumes Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Volumes - Lab Report Example Additionally, the data on the height and the diameter of the bullet shaped object was collected and tabulated. In the second experiment, the data on the sphere’s mass was collected as mass 1 to mass 5. The fourth experimental that was needed in the experiment was the diameter for the five spheres which were taken as diameter 1 to diameter 6 We took the density of the clay as Mass per Unit of Volume. The formula that was used in calculating this was with an SI unit of . In the experiment, the propagation of errors was calculated from the approach of partial derivatives. The formula for this was The standard errors for the experiment were demonstrated by . The standard error was obtained through the computation of standard deviation from the various measurement. We later calculated the standard deviation with the help of a graphical analysis program. The standard deviation was denoted as N is taken to mean the measurement’s number of x. x and y are taken to represent their mean values. The uncertainties in the end outcome were reported with one significant number. It was assumed that the final average value is equated to the number of decimal points found in the uncertainty. The equipment that were used in the experiment include; a plastic bag, hollow cylinder, bullet shaped object, Vernier’s calipers, balance, and a set of masses. In the first experiment we determined the volumes and the standard error for the hollow cylinder, bullet shaped object, and the triangle prism (Price, 889). The following equation was used to calculate the volume of the hollow cylinder The Vernier calipers was used to measure the pertinent dimension of the object. The dimension of the Vernier was 0.05mm. The five measurement of the provided object was measured. After taking the five measurement, the mean values for the dimensions were also determined. The standard deviations for the dimensions for the hollow cylinders was then determined. The
Wednesday, July 24, 2019
Summarize then compare and contrast Research Paper
Summarize then compare and contrast - Research Paper Example attack the Mexicans capturing many of them as prisoners including their general and this forces them to surrender, retreat and they finally withdraw from Alamo leaving it to Texans (Howard, Johnson and Hancock, 2004). This is a documentary about how the rights of the African Americans were repressed by groups such as the Ku Klux Klan in the South (who are referred to an Jim Crow) even after there was promise to grant them freedom as it was between the period of Civil Rights movement and Civil rights war. There was an order to lynch the blacks and the black activists revoking that order and insisting on their freedom as this even echoed the voice of the Northern whites. There is also referral to the Supreme Court ruling on the equality in schools as blacks refuting the school segregation policy that was previously present. The rise of the black activists such as Dubois and their contribution to the fall of Jim Crow is also reflected in the documentary (Jersey and Wormser, 2002). These two films are quite different and yet very similar in some ways. Even though one is a film (The Alamo) and the other a documentary (the rise and fall of Jim Crow), they both talk about the efforts by the citizens to seek and fight for what is rightfully theirs and not allow others to take over and tramp over them completely. The two are therefore battlegrounds (literally and otherwise) for their rights and hence an end to their misery. The two are based on real life events one being the civil rights movement and war and the other being the Texas –Mexicans war which is also historical as well (Howard, Johnson and Hancock, 2004). In the end, the results in both the film and the documentary are such that the minority win and their efforts, struggles and war have not been in vain as they finally get what they have been struggling for: Texans get Alamo and the Blacks get their freedom. They are based on two different time zones and one is a film and the other a documentary. One is a
Tuesday, July 23, 2019
Should the U.S. behave as the world's policeman Research Paper
Should the U.S. behave as the world's policeman - Research Paper Example The percentage that supported that countries should take part in worlds affairs in 2004 was 79%, while in 2005, it declined to 72% (â€Å"US Role in the World,†americans-world.org). In 2003 and later in 2006, Pew Research Centre asked a similar question where a respondent was expected to disagree or agree with, either completely or mostly. The response in 2006 was 86% as it had declined from that of 2003, which was 90% (Duffield and Dombrowski 137). United States and Britain’s invasion in the war that was in Iraq without authorization from United Nations Security Council was opposed with 72% votes, while those in support were 25% (Duffield and Dombrowski 139). 2. Whether the United States should behave as the world’s policeman Over the years, the United States has been involved in many peace making operations, whose aims have ranged from overthrowing dictators to hunting down bandits. For example, the peace operation in Libya, which was to over throw Ali Ghadafi of Libya, who was a dictator for forty two years (Ruschmann and Marzilli 28). In the1980s, Bush had rejected the idea of the United States being a world policeman, but in the end of the cold war, he saw that the United States was the remaining super power and thus, he took it as the responsibility of the United States to lead the world, but the United States was faced by a lot of problems in their quest to lead (Cameron 17). There are those who support the United States, but there are countries who feel that that the United States should mind its own business. There are a number of advantages and disadvantages when the United States is involved in worlds affairs. The advantages are such as the fact that they are involved in peacemaking missions, preventing terrorism, spreading democracy, they have a responsibility of feeding the world’s hungry, and improving the lives of people in affected areas. In as much as it has those positive effects there negative consequences that co me with its involvement in the world’s affairs, such as, it has led to destruction of property and, rejection of international treaties and underdevelopment in Third World countries. Positive effects of the United States involvement in world affairs include: Improving lives in general: The United States has a foreign policy that allows foreigners from underdeveloped countries like African nations, or countries experiencing instabilities in any aspect like Iraq, Afghanistan, and Israel, to be absorbed into the nation. Once they are absorbed, they are offered jobs and the income they earn is able to improve their lives and those of their nations (Metcalfe 397). Preventing the spread of terrorism: The United States has a powerful military force with modernized equipments, and this makes it one of the superpowers in the world. In countries like Iraq, Israel, and Afghanistan, the United State has been on the fore front in collaboration with the United Nations in peacemaking missio ns. They have selflessly deployed their American troops in the affected areas; this shows that the United States is willing to risk the lives of their troops in order to carry out these roles (Holyk 266). Responsibility in feeding the world’s hungry: In collaboration with the United Nations, the United States has been involved in providing food to refugees, who have been rendered homeless by wars in their countries.
Monday, July 22, 2019
In Cold Blood by Truman Capote Essay Example for Free
In Cold Blood by Truman Capote Essay In Cold Blood: A True Account of Multiple Murder and Its Consequences by Truman Capote details the social arena that molded Dick Hickock and Perry Smith into criminals and killers.  The author wrote of how Hickock was brought up in a loving home with a stable family but suffered from mental illness. Perry on the other hand, had alcoholic parents in a very unloving atmosphere, uneducated and suffered from depression. Each was influenced by society differently but the result was the same.  The author details their stories from the beginning of their criminal history up to their execution for the murder of the Clutter family. The question is, was Perry a â€Å"natural born killer†. In an article in Psychology Today there is evidence that activity or lack of in the prefrontal cortex of the brain region are associated with acts of murder. This prefrontal cortex activity is also associated with a wide range of behaviors such as risk taking, rule breaking, aggression and impulsivity that can lead to violence. This evidence has a great value in maybe creating a way for society to possibly point out problem individuals and possible treatment or prevention of criminal activity such as murder. The article goes on to say that perhaps this is a way to point to biological differences or the possibility of natural born killers (Raine 10). In some ways Truman Capote could relate to Perry because both had terrible experiences growing up. The author was intrigued as to why Perry would go on to kill and he didn’t. Capote wrote that possible social consequences made the difference possibly grooming Perry to be a killer and some professionals agree sociologist are not satisfied with the explanations that are rooted in biology and personality. They point to the perspective of symbolic interaction that each of us interprets life through symbols that we learn (Henslin 133). Sociologist Edwin Sutherland stressed that people learn deviance. He uses the term differential association to indicate that we learn to deviate or to conform to society’s norms mostly by the people we associate with. But if this is correct then why does some with the same interaction kill and others do not?  In my opinion there are people who are born natural killers. It is something that is innate within some individuals and is nurtured by society to its final display. In my belief some individuals will be born a killer and some will not. Society takes this innate trait and shapes them even more, or even less, towards the direction of their innate features. The degree of their actions is my proof. Take hunting some individuals can hunt and some cannot. This is an example of the innate trait for killing expressed in killing for food rather than killing another human. Degree is how society grooms each killer, the hunter and the murderer, to their final â€Å"ends†. Because traits are passed from parent to child that is why some societies are prone to have more killers than others and what degree the acts are committed is influenced by each of the societies they live in.  The degree of the trait is what society uses for determining how wrong the act is and how that individual will be punished. Evil is solely influenced and decided by the society one lives in. Killing is inevitable for some individuals; it is to what degree that makes the difference. Reference: Capote, Truman. In Cold Blood: A True Account of a Multiple Murder and Its  Consequences. New York: Signet Books, 1965. Henslin, James M. Essentials of Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach. Boston:         Allyn and Bacon, 2000. Raine, A.  Natural born Killers?  Psychology Today 28(1), p.10, 1995 Jan/Feb.
The Basic Unit of Life Essay Example for Free
The Basic Unit of Life Essay One of the hallmark characteristics of living things is that they perform chemical reactions. These reactions are collectively known as metabolism. Cells, the basic units of life, can perform many of these metabolic reactions. In a multicelled organism, the cells group together to form tissues that perform the same functions. Tissues group together to form organs, and finally, several organs exist together in a system. In this lesson, we will see how and why this hierarchy is established. The Basic Unit of Life All organisms from the smallest single-celled protists to huge whales and giant redwood trees are based on tiny microscopic cells. The types and number of cells may vary, but the cell is the basic unit of life. The cell is the minimum amount of organized living matter complex enough to carry out the functions of life as outlined in Lessons 1 and 2. In the most basic sense, a cell is made of a gelatinous living substance we call protoplasm, which contains many small structures, all surrounded by a membrane. Cell Structure The cell membrane separates the living cell from the rest of the environment. However, this membrane is not just a static solid wall. It must allow food molecules and oxygen to enter and wastes to exit. Thus, the cell membrane is semipermeable because it allows some things to pass through, but not others. It must also communicate and associate with the membranes of other cells. Inside the cell membrane is a substance called protoplasm in which many tiny structures called organelles (because they act like small versions of organs) are suspended. Some of the more important organelles and their functions are listed in the following table
Sunday, July 21, 2019
A Comparison of Taylor and Fayols Management Theories
A Comparison of Taylor and Fayols Management Theories Introduction The purpose of this essay is to discuss the two management philosophies from Taylor’s and Henri Fayol’s. One management theory is focus on task while another is focus on people. Both theories have made contributions in modern management practices. We will discuss the theories and outline their efficiency and effectiveness in the current firms. FW Taylor Philosophy Taylor’s management theory focuses on task management. This theory is called â€Å"scientific management†or â€Å"Taylorism†. He found that two different workers performing the same task will have different outcome and the number of output. He categorized them as first class worker and average worker (Sheldrake J, 2003a). The first class workers are highly motivated and work efficiently rather than wasting time or restricting output. They are ideal works for many industries, but not all workers are first class workers, most of them are average workers. They only work slow and easy until the wages they get paid. As the result, it drives down the production efficiency, because workers are not motivated. Thus, Tayloer’s task management develops the theory to show how to motivate workers toward a greater work performance and productivity. This theory is important to many industries firms; it helps them to using less time to increase more production efficiency. This management benefits firms create more output while still paying fair wage to the workers. The aim for this theory is to reduce inefficiency toward the output performance. Taylor suggested the wage levels based on output which means the workers will only be paid by the amount of their productivity. The more output they produced, the more wage they are paid. Thus, it drives their motivation toward a better standard. It doesn’t just increase the efficiency, but also reduce the working hours. There are seven approaches to improve the productivity in this theory. Select the appreciated workers and observe them to perform the tasks. Then record the time taken for each task and identify the quickest method. The last three are providing training, supervise workers to ensure the â€Å"best way†is carried out and pay workers on the basis of results (St impson P F. A, 2010). In order to apply Taylor’s approaches, the task has to be specialized, so workers don’t have to be trained all the time and always under-supervised. However, Taylor’s task management has two advantages and two disadvantages. When we look at work specialization, it can increase the efficiency by using the minimum resources such as time or labor. It means that it is not helpful if the output is produced at the maximum outcome while waste many resources. Using minimum resources to produce the maximum result increases the work efficiency and also production efficiency. The other advantage from Taylor’s theory, a specialized work means a profession. The problems will be solved easily, because workers are clearly known what went wrong and how to solve the problems. Workers are always familiar with what they do, so they won’t waste time on finding out the solution for specific problem. Therefore, the work specialization doesn’t just explain the effi ciency in outcome, but also increase the efficiency in process. On the other hand, there are two disadvantages on work specialization. The first one is a specialized work always make workers feel board, because they are doing the same thing at the same time for 40 hours a week, 365 days a year. As the result, It can cause many problems such as workers feel sick at their work. In addition, they won’t be careful on every single task which leads mistakes. Hence, work specialization is only beneficial in the short-run, because in the long-run, the work can become inefficient when workers making a lot of mistakes. The other disadvantage is high cost if the workers are resigned, retired or anything that makes them to stop work in the firm. The costs are included firms spending money to look for another new workers and it takes time for them to familiarize the task. In addition, the skills that were taught in the training, workers could reveal the skills to other competitor firms. It can be a cost as well. Thus, we can see that work specializatio n doesn’t necessarily exact management. Even though the efficiency in output results increases, but other factors will drive the efficiency down. Henri Fayol’s Philosophy In the Henri Fayol’s theory, he focuses on the administration and learning experience from people in the management. In his philosophy, he thinks that to manage people (worker), a firm should have a tight control. He has discovered 14 approaches and only few will be explained in this essay (Sheldrake J, 2003b). The first one is division of work; it doesn’t mean work specialization, but workers share different task to different activities. It is slightly different than Taylor’s, the work here specialized the activities or departments rather than work specialized. Subsequently, it is authority, a firm should decide who has the power to command or give order to employees. The power flow is important, because without a clear authority, it is difficult to make the final decision inside the firms. A clear discipline is essential, because it is the agreement between firm and employees. The discipline can keep workers have an appreciate behavior. The discipline also shows a clear warnings, fines, suspensions, demotions and dismissals if workers are out of the line (Sheldrake J, 2003b) The third approach is unity of command, it is similar with authority, but it shows a clear command of orders. It means that workers will only listen to only one command and no one else. Without the chain of command, the workers are always confused who should they listen to. The next approach is centralization which means whether the decision is made by top manager or in the lower managers. There are some departments in a firm, centralized decision means only one person; the top manager makes the final decision. On the other hand, decentralized is the decisions can be made by lower managers when it is related to their field of activities. The last one is equality; a firm should treat every workers the same no matter their performance. Everyone should be equal and have certain power to speak or have a say (Sheldrake J, 2003b). There are again two advantages and disadvantages in Henri Fayol’s philosophy. It is difficult to identify them in the general management, but some approaches are useful and also have limitations. We can find them from centralization structure. The advantage from centralization is tight control. The top manager always knows what’s going on inside the firm. However, the disadvantage is time inefficiency. On the other hand, a decentralized structure can also have advantage and disadvantage. If the decision is made in the lower management department, it could save a lot of time to process the information to the top manager. The reason is the decision is made immediately by the lower manager; it is time efficient, because the problems/issues will be solved immediately rather than ask the permission. However, because the information is limited in the lower management department, as the result, the decision can be erroneous. Hence, if the decision is made by the entire lower d epartments, those decisions are not consistent to each other. The other approach from Henri Fayol’s will also have advantage and disadvantage. For example, the authority, a grant permission to all the power to one manager. It can be a disaster, because he might not listen to other people’s opinions or ideas. It can cause the firms have gone terribly just because he has made a huge mistakes. On the other hand, it is time efficiency and a clear responsible person if there are small mistakes. For an instance, too many ideas in the discussion, it takes a lot of times to process and choose the final decision. However, if one person has authority, he could make the decision immediately without another word. Efficiency and effectiveness In the modern management practices, Taylor’s management can only be helpful in some situation. We have seen that the work focuses have ignored many human requirements. Unlike the workers in the past, the workers these days demand more their personal desires, wants and rights. They cannot stand doing the same work for everyday in their life. It is not just about emotional whether they feel bored. However, also they want to do more other works that doesn’t have to sit there all day or cannot have fresh air. This type of management requires workers psychologically fit in the position. For example, some old or retired people, because they cannot do too much physical works, but are patient at specialized works which is more interesting than doing nothing. In order to solve the problems, workers should switch the works between each other frequently. It means this month they specialized this part of components and doing the other in the next month. As the result, it can avoid to ignore human requirements. However, this management theory is the best concept to demonstrate the work efficiency. If a firm wants to maximize the work efficiency immediately in the short-run without caring other issues, this is probably the best and the most suitable ways. Moreover, job specialization creates a clear work tasks for workers and the owner. In the company’s administration, the manager knows who responsible to which activities, so it can minimize the conflicts inside the firm. The reason is a clear administrative, shirk or push away their responsibilities which is easier for the manager and workers. In the modern’s management, Fayol’s theory is widely used, because it concerns many factors in work force such as authority, chain of command or centralization. Without these approaches, even though the productivity is efficient, but it would cause many problems inside the environment and makes workers unwilling to stay with the firm. Fayol’s theory makes management practice less complicated. For example, without authority, it will cause many conflicts that nobody is listening to anyone. The reason is they think they have power to make the decision and when it decision is made differently, the firm will not doing the same job toward the same purpose of it. Subsequently, without the unit of command, workers are confused who should they listen to. Whose order is right for them and who should hold the responsibilities for their works? It is not easy to blame or reward everybody just because one task has done great. The person who gives orders or command also represents the team to receive the request from the owner or the firm. As the result, he/she would arrange the schedule or assign the works separately to the workers. If the unit of command is successes, it can increase the efficiency of internal communication as well. Therefore, with the modern management practices, there are so many workers and my works inside a firm, Fayol’s management theory is very popular and widely used in current management practice. Conclusion In conclusion, the two management theories have made certain contribution in current management work force. They are still un-forgettable nowadays. References Sheldrake J, (2003a), Management Theory, Chapter 2 F.W. Taylor and scientific management, pg 14 – 26, 2nd ed, Thomson learning, Retrieved 25 February 2015 Sheldrake J, (2003b), Management Theory, Chapter 5 Henri Fayol and administration, pg 46 – 55, 2nd ed, Thomson learning, Retrieved 26 February 2015 Stimpson P Farquharson A, (2010), Business Studies, Chapter 9 Motivation, Pg 156, 2nd ed, Cambridge University Press, Retrieved 25 February 2015
Saturday, July 20, 2019
The Clean Energy and the fossil fuels in Saudi Arabia Essay -- Environ
Over the past 200 years, mankind discovered the fossil fuels and they used this source to produce hug energy. This affects the environment in many negative ways and caused many issues worldwide such as urban air pollution and acid rain, oil spills and the high temperature of earth. Saudi Arabia has the biggest oil reserves in the world by 19.66% (the world factbook, 2011) and the second oil producer country in the world with roughly 10.121 million barrels a day – which account for 12% of the total world production of oil in 2010 (Fontinelle,2011). Moreover, the country relies heavily on oil industry. And the most successful companies in the country are thus whose work in oil industry such as ARAMCO Company. The reason behind this success is because most of these companies get financial support and attention from the Saudi government and sometimes the government owes these companies. Because of the massive reserve of oil and the high income that generated from oil, the country has less attention to seek for other sources of clean energy such as solar energy and wind energy which leads to the increase of air pollution in the country. However, oil is expected to last in the next 50 to 100 years (Hubbert, 1956). Furthermore, the International organizations have made many decisions to protect the environment and environmental resource such as Kyoto Protocol which decided to raise the use of solar energy to 50%of the total global energy use by 2020 (UNFCCC ,2005 ). Recently, these issues lead the Saudi government to realize problems, such as air pollutions, and start to invest in clean energy area but not as expected. These days many people in Saudi Arabia argue the uses of clean energy and replace with the fossil fuels. And they d... ...hese negatives and people can get positives from this and have clean and healthy environment. Moreover, they will have renewable energy. We also can create new jobs and we can use this fuel in transportations. However, this technology is very expensive but it can cover the cost in long term and sometimes in a short term. In addition, Saudi Arabia is large country and it is known as a desert country, which is suitable for this technology. Many believe that the best solution for this issue is to use both fossil fuels and clean energy and create hybrid power (KACST, 2009). Therefore, the country can get the benefit from both side and they can keep fossil fuels longer as much they can, save the environment and another source of income to the country. Finally, every person needs to think about this issue, so we will have a great and successful life in the future.
The Christâ€like Prospero of Shakespeare’s The Tempest Essay -- Tempest
The Christ–like Prospero of Shakespeare’s The Tempest It is not only the goodness of man which, according to traditional Christian concepts ,is not germane to himself. His very being, and his ultimate destiny stems alike from a principle that is infinitely beyond him (Morris 143). What was Prospero attempting to accomplish through the creation of the storm? Why would he go to that length of natural disaster, if the events would only end in an unharmed manner? Prospero. But are they, Ariel, safe? Ariel. Not a hair perished. On their sustaining garments not a blemish but fresher than before; (1.2.218-221). It was Prospero’s innate goodness that created a merciful storm, temporarily displacing his brother, the Duke, and the ship’s crew. Prospero use of magic allowed him to realize that his power surpassed the Duke’s. What might create empathy in the readers and viewers of this play is that Prospero had double the power of Antonio, the Duke and it showed through his merciful treatment of the storm’s creation. Prospero used intellect and did not operate on emotions solely, which could make the interpretation of the storm more philosophical, than vengeful. Because Prospero was a scholar, his plan became well thought out and the consequences were considered before hand, instead of acting on impulse, worrying about the outcome of those actions when it's too late. The power of nature was apparent to Prospero. His treatment of that power showed that he just wanted to return the rightful position of Duke to himself. "A man’s will, in order to be good, must be conformed to the Divine will†¦.a will must be referred to the common good as an end, and formally will the Divine and universal good in addition to a particular good"... ...peare's Plays. New York: Haskell House Publishers, 1964. Clark, Cumberland. Shakespeare and the Supernatural. New York: Haskell House Publishing, 1972. Encarta Online , Jan. 2001. Encarta> 16 March 2001. Greenblatt, Stephen. gen. ed. The Norton Shakespeare. New York: Norton Company, 1997. Knight, G. Wilson. Shakespeare and Religion: Essays of Forty Years. New York: Simon and Schuster Publishing, 1968. Knox , Bernard . The Tempest. New York: Penguin Group, 1987. "Magic". The Encyclopedia Britannica. 1971. ed. Morris, Ivor. Shakespeare's God. London: Rustin House, 1972. Smith, Hallet. Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Tempest. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1969. The New Oxford Annotated Bible. Bruce M. Metzger and Roland E. Murphy, ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Friday, July 19, 2019
Good and Evil in Goethes Faust :: Faust Essays
Good and Evil in Faust In Faust Goethe shows many of his opinions about good, evil, and religion. Goethe uses characters like The Lord and Gretchen in the early part of the play to set examples of goodness. Goethe uses characters like Mephistopheles to stand for evil. Throughout the play Goethe also uses examples of the church to show how he feels the church works. The concept of good for Goethe is that everyone has the ability to be good and that errors in judgment are what make people bad but if a person keeps striving these mistakes will bring them closer to righteousness. As long as a person continues to keep moving and doing things they will most likely achieve righteousness. This is shown in the bet between Faust and Mephistopheles. Faust says that if at any time he says, "Linger a while! Thou art so fair!" that will be when Faust dies and serves Mephistopheles. This shows that if Faust were to stop wanting to do anything it would be a horrible sin. The Lord which many perceive to stand for God stands for the perfection that Faust is trying to accomplish with his life. Gretchen in the early part of the play stands for perfection because she is inexperienced and knows nothing else until Faust starts to seduce her. The concept of bad for Goethe can be seen most in the character of Mephistopheles. Mephistopheles is believed to stand for the devil. When he first introduces himself he describes himself as "a part of that Power which always wills evil, always procures good.....the Spirit which always denies." Mephistopheles actions such as talking Faust into taking advantage of Gretchen and then telling him to leave her are seen as evil actions. The fact that Mephistopheles spends time with witches which most people see as evil shows that he is also evil. Goethe believes that all people sin sometimes and God forgives us. This is shown when Gretchen is in prison and after all the sin she has done a voice from heaven grants her salvation. Even though she did sin, most of her sin was because of inexperience and she was not purposely sinning. Goethe feels that the church and religion are both useless. When Faust leaves Gretchen the first jewels, her mother takes them to the church. The church takes them saying that they are trying to help, but this can be seen as the church just trying to get money out of them.
Thursday, July 18, 2019
Man vs. Computer Essay
Since the beginning of time, man has thought up and brought to fruition countless inventions. Each has been more ingenious than the last. The human mind has created such brilliant things, but the computer may have been its greatest creation. It is ever changing, evolving and growing â€Å"smarter†. However, as the computer has evolved, mankind’s value may be threatened. The computer has already begun to overtake many of the vital functions that man has prided himself upon. While neither the mind nor the computer are perfectly productive on their own, they complement each other, and together create a more efficient way of living. Our lives are now dependent upon the computer and what it tells you. Even now as I type this journal entry on my computer, I am fully convinced that it will produce a result for me that is far superior to what I can manage using only my own two hands. It has been commonly said that the computer can never replace the human brain, because it was humans that created them. Is this a good reason why the computer must be inferior to humans? A computer has the ability to evaluate problems that humans can hardly even imagine, let alone approach. Even if a man can calculate the same problems as a computer, the computer can solve it much faster than the human mind. Maybe it is the subconscious attempt by us at reaching the next stage of evolution by our minds, creating a machine to do all the dirty work for us while we sit back and allows our brains to focus on creating, or destroying, as the case may be. The human brain has many flaws, yet it also has many an edge over the computer. It has the capacity to create, unlike the computer. It can work without full input, making logical assumptions about problems. A person can work with a wide variety of methods, seeing new and more efficient ways of handling problems. It can come up with infinite ways of getting around problems encountered in everyday life, while a computer has a limited selection of new tricks it can come up with, limited by its programming. Given the time, the human brain can learn to understand anything, and it can grasp the central theme of any concept. The computer tends to take all things in their entirety, which makes some problems near impossible to solve. Emotions are also an asset. Emotions have allowed the human brain to evolve beyond a problem-solving machine. Anger allows the imagination to roam, inventing concepts of new and more powerful weapons of destruction. Discontent induces the mind to conceive of new methods of fulfillment that could be expanded into something more. Puzzlement causes the mind to think of solutions. Curiosity leads to attempts to satisfy it, producing new discoveries and revelations. The human brain is as incredible as it is flawed, and the computer is a fantastic machine, but seriously lacking in many aspects. Perhaps the computer is not truly a competitor with the human brain, but rather it’s ideal. Don’t those who use the computer do so in order to supplement their own creative input? After all, the computer is far superior to the human brain in those aspects where the brain is weakest. Neither the mind nor the computer would be as good as the two of them are when they are working together.
Wednesday, July 17, 2019
MS 13
The MS 13 plurality has convey ane of the close to notorious driveway gags in the United States. Like intimately clusterings, MS 13 has a summate of distinguishing features which can identify the pack and single out it from the various early(a) closed chains that exist in the modern urban landscape.The aver be on age of an MS 13 mob portion is 16. This comes as a shocking fact to many people since that would peg the clique as primarily a teenage battalion. While the average age of the ingroup may be 16 in that location is a great deal of versatile ages throughout that ringing as a whole. That is, there ar members of the gang who wind in age from 13 38. some of the older members are those who spend a penny been gangs for life.The gang is also well known for its proclivity to cover themselves in tattoos. However, there are those who are moving away from this because the tattoos have a tendency to identify members of the gang easily. MS 13 also uses a hand sig n known as the devils head. This is similar to divisioning an upside down earn M with the fingers. The gangs colors are colored and white which are in take note of the flag of El Salvador.The hierarchy of the gang is well organized having a publication of chapters on the whole over the United States. This shows momentous growth from the early days when the gang was initially only based in California. This shows that the stage the gang is in is that of one that operates internationally as it has a forepart in the United States and Latin the States as well.MS 13 stands for mara Salvatrucha which essentially means Salvadorean Gang Member. The number 13 is used because it is exemplar of luck. The gang has become one of the most powerful and well organized of all the gangs in the United States. The roots of the gang in the United States date sand to the early 1980s. there was a major(ip) civil war occurring in El Salvador and during this time period many Salvadoran immigrants fled their native land during the war lacerated unrest that was occurring in their home country.There are two origins for the gangs early days. maven meter reading states that the Salvadoran immigrants mixed with the separate Hispanic gangs at first. Later, they would eventually form their own gang one which more(prenominal) clearly displayed their country of origins roots. The new(prenominal) version of the origin of the gang centers on the apprehension that the Salvadoran immigrants formed their own gang so as to protect themselves from other gangs in their neighborhoods.MS 13 is heavy involved involved in medicine trafficking and immigrant smuggling. The gang is also involved in protection rackets, contract killings and other woeful activity. The revenue fueled by these pursuits has allowed MS 13 to grow in meter and influence. This has occurred despite significant efforts by right enforcement to curtail the gangs activities and growth.The gangs primary geographic st rongpoint is southern California where it has always maintained a strong presence. The gang, however, has grown in song and influence and has spread to many other regions of the United States. It is believed that the total number of MS 13 members is roughly 130,000BibliographyWalker, Robert. (2004) MS 13 GANGS OR US. Retrieved April 12, 2008 fromhttp//www.gangsorus.com/MS13.htm
Supply, Demand and Diversity Factors in the Workforce of Australia
Supply, Demand and Diversity Factors in the Workforce of Australia
1. Labour Supply Analysis (to determine if the number wired and types of employees required are available when logical and where they will be needed). You should analyze current workforce’s total capacity to meet current and predicted demands good for business goods and services. The process begins keyword with the internal analysis of existing employees in the company.The chief same reason is they are looking for wage development logical and a livelihood development.The audit is also used strategically to career development, cross-skilling and multi-skilling. Even with the availability of these resources, the very greatest challenge is also to establish a dialogue with the professional staff to meet the goals and aspirations how them and also if they want an opportunity to grow within the company. According to new research, companies are logical not giving the right support to their staff.Without opportunities, employees are going away.National job profit, severe recessio ns and also the capability can impact hard worker retention and turnover.
000 suppliers providing public good and services that keep their operations.Their main focus is on strengthening their relationship with local foreign suppliers in all markets and their adequate supply chain is located in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong long Kong and India. 2. Labour Demand Forecasting (estimating the total number and type of employees needed to meet organisational objectives).The royal fiscal growth of china is meant to make a middle social class and stop revolutions.And if the company is in decline or challenge in the face of economic climate, the focus free will be the restructuring. With the globalization, the advance of modern technology and the concept of sustainability, the companies need to adapte to these challenges. These challenges influence the blurred vision and objectives of the companies. The strategy used by the left bank is to nurture leadership team in different regions where business is growing.Since the job market continues to tighte n, it is going to become more and more semi tough for employers to locate the quality, proficient presidential candidates to satisfy their requirements.
One of the problems how that it has been affected the workforce in Australia is the such redundancy and many employees have left how their jobs for fear to lose the work. According to a survey, 76% will be looking for a new equal opportunity in the next 6 months. The main reason is deeds that they are seeking a career development and low wage growth.If the employee feels that is purposeful, valued, that have some social support and rewards necessary, the employee remains in the company.If you employ workers in Western eastern Australia or run a business, there are numerous distinct different methods engage your work force and training empty can help to provide your company a competitive edge.Employers are part looking for who are make an negative impact on profitability today. The balancing supply and aggregate demand is based on recruitment (shortage) such as: full-time, part-time, job/work design, career management, remuneration practices. And also Reductions such as: Dismiss als, retirements, retrenchments. 4.Additionally, it is simple unlooked for businesses to stay in contact start with former workers and to track logical and re-employ them.
As an example, certain industrial ventures requiring private individuals to work on factory lines might be in a position.Among the significant advantages of using qualitative approaches, especially is the processes used involve the other men and women that are apt to be more affected by any alterations .There are twenty two options of note which have been utilized in different nations.It is one of the social problems that human resources professionals are much talking about today.
Tuesday, July 16, 2019
Airwide Case Study
Airwide external is a quick increment family of mer bottomlandtile and residential halo instruct systems in Europe. The fol blue is generally busted up into tetrad divisions, unity of which is Italy (Western Europe). Italy ordain be the atomic number 18a that the on-going dillema allow for be held in. Airwide ploughshares competitor with roughly 75 antithetical manufactures of mixed transmission line t all(prenominal) units. The cosmea of Asian companies has escalate the competition.Italy is the largest producer of descent condition units to a greater extentover they are moreover form in j12 share of homes. This is importantly low considering the fall in States has an clean of 71 per centum in homes. This is a line of work that Airwide has been evaluating for nearly term. Since Airwide would ilk to enlarge the fate of personal credit linemanship learn units end-to-end Europe, especially Italy. It came to no impress that a head from Genoa a pproached the companionship in hopes to work them to grapple the units at the uplifted rabbet.Giacomo Marino, the star, tell that if he were to acquire the outlay to distri thator for each unit, that his gross gross revenue would af rejuvenate gross gross revenue because the salespeople would beat the luck to shit forth bloodline from retailers that move Asian brands. Airwide curriculumetary is lining a ballpark line of work that more or less companies of their sizing go through. Should the star accommodate gloss of a bar secureer further be the corresponding for the air condition unit. This has been an on-going design from Nuova Climatizzazione to Airwide.The trader would care to be minded(p) the a a exchange fit(p) pecuniary experimental condition as a superscript electrical distributor. Nuova has be its achiever in their numbers. They come virtually 320 accounts find in Genoa. In this proposal, Nuova express that if they were t o go on the high(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) push away this provide plus Airwide sales by 20-25 percentageage in the following(a) both courses. mavin of the insure(prenominal) concerns Airwide has with this proposal is that they mictu identify a predominate allocator in the Union component part who believes the head teacher testament let away their concern.The school principal has evidencen that the electrical distributor has through a unworthy line of patronage in education through the orbit because it is withal focused on high border systems. This would be an discern for Airwide, and the electrical distributor accounts for more than 70 percent of Airwide production sales. Airwide must(prenominal) spot to any devote the bargainer the high reject or non. thither is a contradict mingled with the master allocator and the local anesthetic anaesthetic trader. The local corpus would hope to reducing in commercial ize share and pledge in the militant industry.While the corpus would compar adequate to(p) to pertain in the higher discount, he volition incur to sterilise if they impart be able to digest the minimal $3 meg size up embody. Currently, the head teacher has $1. 2 gazillion in sales. He forecasts, with the discount, his sales leave behind ontogeny by 25%. As a result, his general sales for the division allow be $1. 5 trillion inwardly a 2 year period. This is fractional of the strain minimal. If the bargainer would like to be considered for the discount, he allow for nurse to show a business plan as to how he forget nominate the initial cost to hold store.The distributor had $9. 7 one thousand thousand in sales of the residential and firing commericial units in 2000. An alternate(a) to allowing the local head to regain the higher discount is to do zero at all. two parties are alter well to the go withs success, so like the say, put ont fix w hat isnt broken. This whitethorn affect the corpus in how they go advancing with thrust Airwide business just the smart set would not be as squeeze on this place as they would if the allocator were to be upset.The principal is productive at exchange the little units and the distributer is winning at exchange the bigger units since they discombobulate the silver for inventory. If Airwide leave behind not give the dealer the higher discount, but they want to contest him to line up if he can gain sales up to 25%. The origin that high hat fits the federation at this time would be to confine what is soon the process. The dealer has not turn up that they forget be able to financially buckle under the minimum inventory budget. The distributer has a higher overall sell rate than the dealer.
Sunday, July 14, 2019
Ethical Framework
What does it b circumstancesto to be respectable? What does it blind drunk to be estimable? honourable motive is derived from the classic rejoin voice ethos. h matchlessst motive to me basin be delimit as of exclusively time doing the remediate af white all the time. Every single has their feature clean principles that solve his/her behaviour. Everyone is alone antithetic in how they were brocaded and taught in what was repair and wrong. As decl ard by Santa Clara University, morals refers to standards of behavior that key pop us how benignant worlds ought to exertion in the many a(prenominal) situations in which they risk themselves-as booster doses, pargonnts, children, citizens, business sight, teachers, professionals, and so on (Santa Clara University, 2010).A stack of mass bequeath overreach morality preoccupied with it cosmos the identical as their tiltlings. In position, it is completely opposite. It is that good smart beca inge stion when masses in the main lead off godforsaken with some issue or psyche and wherefore they pull up stakes typically keep up that up with doing some amour bad. on that point atomic number 18 genuine ethics people should celebrate in their common lives. Whether you recess step forward it or non except if you instance all cardinal-four hours and you require to pack the despatch limit, non to shoot d take mar or redden non to congratulate a beach you are pursual the rules and regulations that were utilize by our government.I get it on from a in the flesh(predicate) take well-nigh doing the make up liaison and existence good when one of my adepts was functional a bakeshop. My trembler unexpended that descent and took the pattern and started do her own biscuits and went out on the pass and c citee them cookies to the bakerys au consequentlytic customers and future tense customers. non to oblige in theme this was the bakerys c rush cookie that was voted on by its customers. somewhat briefly the proprietor cognize his sales were expiration conquer and chop-chop realized that it was his reason employee exchange his harvest-festival without the benefit.He eventually filed a fair playsuit against my friend. presently what my friend did was non nevertheless fair and skillful besides was the likewise take careed wrong. My friend had feed a fee ski binding to her author head and had to give up the normal and not do that again. In my universal spiritedness I make out to be honest in allthing I do. I look at to do the up indemnify things when it comes to doing something that I live I shouldnt be doing. oneness thing that comes to mind of me not being ethical was when I was not of the sub judice maturate to confuse alcohol. I be that I would throw every forthwith and accordingly when I was in graduate(prenominal) school.I ruling it was the quiet thing to do and hang out with my friends go I did it. wherefore when I came to Brevard it got worsened being virtually a lot of my friends that would catch cart me. growth up I had dickens bang-up parents that taught me to incessantly do the right thing. succession doing it I knew it would be ethical to not pick a beer up and imbibition it visual perception how the virtue stated that you had to be at to the lowest degree twenty one historic period of get on with to involve it. My parents nominate of all time told me, Would you quench do what youre doing if I was seance right substructure you? and too on the separate go through I do not consider it being unethical if I were to do something that didnt real stupefy that very much harm, like for representative manu positionure to a friend. fit in to Cornell University, many acts that would be wide condemned as unethical are not verboten by law ( ratified nurture Institute, 1992). When determination making on what would be consid ered ethical and non-ethical, you would put one across to use your judiciousness of how you were provided to delimitate the accepted actions. I sleep with for a fact that when and if I sport kids I go forth by all odds raise them the counselling my grandparents and my parents have embossed me.If I skunk do that then I impart sleep with for a fact that I forget be high-minded of my kids and they provide be by rights raised. REFERENCES Legal reading Institute. (1992). Retrieved folk 9, 2012, from Cornell University fair play condition http//www. law. cornell. edu/wex/ethics Stanford encyclopaedia of Philosophy. (2005, declination 20). Retrieved kinsfolk 9, 2012, from in the flesh(predicate) identity operator and moral philosophy http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/identity-ethics/ Santa Clara University. (2010). A simulation for mentation Critically. Retrieved kinsfolk 8, 2012, from http//www. scu. edu/ethics/practicing/decision/framework. hypertext marku p language
Saturday, July 13, 2019
Big Data for Fraud Detection in Banking Sector - Free Samples
The maculation of cunning in briming sphere is an finicky(prenominal) divorce to fleet essays of e truly cyber-attack or selective randomness br one-on-onely(prenominal). Banks argon practic onlyy under attack(predicate) to machination and this affects avers and nodes (Flood, Jagadish and Raschid 2016). much than(prenominal) or less of the devices in beveling sphere make it compose to either gay neglectfulness or either malpractice or administration defect. jokes in intrusting empyrean shock guests and depose itself in a actu all(prenominal)y contradict foc exploitation beca subroutine some(prenominal) vernaculars and nodes plunder turn a overtaking bleak selective in mootulateation and m one and only(a)y. Nowa doddering age, walloping entropy analytics has emerged as a adventure modifier in both firmament and it volunteers a more than than received and bendable fashion in works of some(prenominal) firmament (Fusch i and Tvaronavi?ien? 2014). Banking sphere has outright started to take all enter bountiful info analytics for its trading operations collectible to its applyfulness, dependability and speed. The part of this constitution is to consider swelled reading utilization in edgeing celestial sphere and how super info analytics facilitate oneself positing bea to observe juke.The outline of the eyeshade is selective training appeal and computer memory dodge, consumer-centric increase creation, r setation establishment and stage address line perseveration visualise in persona of indicator outage.The randomness in hopeing empyrean roll up atomic number 18 credence add-in enjoyment dilate, individual(prenominal) e charges dis baffle and receiving or vizor exposit or either(prenominal) early(a) stiff actions on a day by day introduction. The entropy roll up atomic number 18 non only if from inbred ascendent of jargoning atomic number 18na solely excessively from foreign sources which some clock necessitates authority from triad party. These sources atomic number 18 ne iirk found sailing sites much(prenominal) as societal media, hayseed, Google or Bing. Google and rube interpret Gmail and Yahoo mail individually (Srivastava and Gopalkrishnan 2015). The selective information atomic number 18 reason into twain signs and they ar primary information and collateral information. immemorial information atomic number 18 information most employees, their percentage train supervisors, managers, aged(a) managers and clients, which ar still for fit(ip) procedure of margeing sphere. moary information ar information of inhering and impertinent deportment and works of avow buildinging empyrean which ar roll up for contrastive purposes and apply for sexual climax of banking orbit (Kim, Trimi and Chung 2014). some(prenominal) oddballs of information a tomic number 18 in the form of bodily cordial organizationd, semi- bodily structured or unorganised info. Therefore, they argon consistent in tidy elan to commence and act tardily on each form of entropy. The selective information in banking vault of heaven atomic number 18 unorganized information in the main and they atomic number 18 plicated to use in its sign form. loose info divides with this type of selective information and in banking firmament, amorphous selective information atomic number 18 either weapon or military personnel generated. weapon generated unorganized entropy ar scientific entropy or photographs and videos much(prenominal)(prenominal) as hostage or c be photos or images. world generated unstructured selective information ar inbred textbooks deep down enrolment files, logs, extension cod or account note lucubrate and emails, and website contented (Raju, Bai and Chait eacha 2014). The information hookup is fini shed and by dint of with(p) respective(a) sources atomic number 18 whereforece exploit that is info excavation is by means of on the undisturbed information. info exploit is exploring and analyzing of smooth selective information to find entropy capable for contrasting purposes in banking field. selective information dig technique is use for quintuplet study categories of banking bea. They ar guest belongings, mechanical reference instrument panel approval, tosh signal perception in banking field, commercialise and endangerment precaution. entropy by and by entropy mine is apply chiefly for pretend forethought and tosh signal celebrateion in banking domain (Pouramirarsalani, Khalilian and Nikravanshalman 2017). This is explained as when information is investment firmd in salt away and thusly astronomical info has cavorts of protect these selective information from breathing out into turn over of pseudosters.Banks b ear long amounts of information which call for to be retentiond in an efficacious way. The upstartly storehouse dodgings in banking sphere for massive selective information provides ascendants and they be re pass watering the reliever corpses with e bandage carrying out that en cartel not throw the alert relief pitcher routine. The minute of arc tooth root is construction a catastrophe incury (DR) dodge that depart sponsor in an destiny typesetters character such as accident or reason outage. The trey stem is managing selective information lifecycle for proceeds of entropy function capability (Chitra and Subashini 2013). The story for commencement ceremony gear rootage is to come along fleshly tape measures from exist Disk-to-Tape (D2T) expressive style to the novel Disk-to-Disk-to-Tape (D2D2T). The innovative tape provides more reliability and post to store information of size more 9TB and has superior ministration speed. The rendering of befriend issue is freshly happening convalescence brass which is built later on(prenominal) upgrading local anaesthetic disdain musical arrangement use tape.The cataclysm retrieval remains is employ for storing selective information at distinct muddle in banking vault of heaven. The profuse second up in commencement ceremonyborn dissolver stopment tapes is pull ahead stored in computer retention organization that is contingency retrieval clay (Jones, Aggarwal and Edwards 2015). The shop is do by identifying whimsical block offs of enormous selective information and store in incident convalescence schema of rules. The undermentioned funding is make to couple up the ridiculous block with the blocks stored in the remains of rules to step forward down retroflex selective information and so restrain all quaint entropy. The remaining(predicate) information is once more go over so that no entropy is leave inse cure to whatsoever dissimulator. The left over selective information is as well check up on to study if some(prenominal) entropy sess be trenchant for early tense purpose. The trio beginning is that the information is affect and stored on computer peripheral governance and near-line info (twenty to xxx age old) is plunk for up on a regular basis and stored on disks (Rao and Ali 2015). These information is well-tried for integration and dominance and to recover if e precise speck occurs. The long- line selective information (ninety days old or older) is plump for up on a regular basis and stored on animal(prenominal) tapes. both(prenominal) the info is consequently stored at diametrical messs in misfortune recuperation transcription. This impudently depot strategy solution cooperates in purify documentation performance, recuperation deal is quick, and info storage is multi-level.The long-run descents with clients provide require fulf illing demands and necessarily of nodes. This is achieved through guest alliance guidance (CRM) governances. client kin perplexity is utilise by organizations to optimize interlocutor with nodes and embodiment long births (Elgendy and Elragal, 2014). The un uniform ship stinkeral ar promise calls or emails to collect and concord guests. node consanguinity countion formation is found on fundament of customer information and information technology. electronic customer blood wariness body of ruless provides all shipway of munication with the customers. The shipway atomic number 18 sales, delivery, email, online merchandising and purchasing, online banking or m any an an new(prenominal)wise(prenominal)(prenominal)(a) online dos. guest kindred prudence frame in banking firmament is achieved by saveing kins with alert customers and creating descents with b atomic number 18-assed customers (Dalir et al. 2017). The benefits argon provid ing break dance function to animated and spic-and-span customers and appellation of specialized de marchesine related to each argonna of the demarcation surround and live or new customers. The new(prenominal) atomic number 18 dividing divers(prenominal) market segments to animate long-term familys with crisscross customers and improvement fees which is supercharged increases r so farue for banking celestial spheres. The surplus benefits atomic number 18 performance of this remains of rules friends in change magnitude customer triumph and their verity and relate order be change magnitude to tie more customers (Baesens, new wave Vlasselaer and Verbeke 2015). The one-s military issueh one is online denote to draw out customers and change magnitude potential and motley of customers.electronic customer relationship oversight organization in banking heavens has a structure which is sensual on cardinal factors and they atomic number 18 hope a nd ecstasy. They argon mitment, loyalty, customer retention, and r mendation volitioningness. The other factors which construct the governance through customers point of moderate ar information, thingmabob and munication melody (Srivastava and Gopalkrishnan 2015). reliance is consequential for customers and bank relationship and the trust is referred to establishimonial of every individuals bank account detail and credit wit or calculate tantalize inside information. customer comfort is a flavour in bank and customer relationship that ordain jockstrap them to trust on banks. customer satisfaction in bank is very capacious to hold up subsisting customers. mitment is to supply underweight relationship with customers for worth(predicate) effort. subjection provides future benefits to banking firmament even when in that respect is a blind drunk crave (Moro, Cortez and Rita 2015). subjection is a mitment to banks from customers to deal with them. stanc h customers depart in addition r mend situation banks to their relatives or customers. guest retention is principal(prenominal) as exiting customers argon more advantageous than new customers. Therefore, fulfilling ask of alive customers is more plentiful. The supra factors help customers to volitionally r mend operate of bank to others as they atomic number 18 well-provided with serve of bank. expandment is correct, specific or updated argon not is mandatory for the structure of the brass. gad purpose is distinguished as customers will e after(prenominal) considering military position of bank (Greenberg 2014). geographical location of bank with functional hours and others atomic number 18 include in the formation. munication pedigree like mobile, ATM, text, email be use by customers to currentize bank go.R mendation ashes is utilise as a peter in banking sphere to help customer by prominent service when bank employees argon not ready(prenom inal) on a particular while. R mendation musical arrangement provides precise and well cartridge clipd(p) information to customers. The clay is practical(prenominal) advisor to customers providing better information and serve (Ravi and Kamaruddin 2017). The r mendation ashes raise be explained by the pursuance fulfil. The form abridgment provides specifications that ar documented with drug substance ab exploitername and word of honor for record into formation and questionnaire type subject ara for the substance ab drug user regarding harvest-feast interest. The next devil specifications are openhanded advice to user after the pletion of oppugn and when in that respect is motion regarding look for locomotive, definition term should be on that point in the look to engine (Lin et al. 2015). The finish two specifications are to provide answers by the effective to questions by the customer and excessively update the cognition base in form (Davenport a nd Dych 2013). The agreement material body contains clement ripe, companionship skill facility, association base, proof engine, running(a) memory, user port and the user. This is the system bank follows in r mendation system.R mendation system is tested victimisation black-box and white-box interrogation to exist that the system is right on surgical procedure and in any case integrated (He, Tian and Shen 2015). The interrogatory is to a fault make to ensure sufficient workings of every feature. The interrogatory is done on the infobase so that the selective information croupe be accessed with respective attributes and take information force out be fetched. The performances chopineme is of the essence(p) in r mendation system be bm it provides a course of study for direct munication of user and banking area (Ng and Kwok, 2017). This is a place where user understructure evidence and then they gage login with username and password. This is a place whe re user passel get details virtually(predicate) banking address in about us divide and to a fault encounter details of bank in adjoin us section. The system design is utilise in application and the working of system structure is define in application. These are the features and functions of r mendation system and this helps in unclutter customers doubts and queries. The customers outhouse overly give feedback in r mendation system (Flood, Jagadish and Raschid 2016). The r mendation system in banking empyrean are create utilize information system and are to a fault called expert system in other domains. natural filling of online crinkle in case of brass agency outage or any other chances is a major discussion for any banking sector. The line enterprise persistency throw has quartet locomote in banking sector and they are transmission line have-to doe with synopsis, stake judicial decision, essay oversight and supervise and scrutiny.The first ton e of voice is channel pretend digest that helps to identifies life-sustaining commercial enterprise functions and feign of loss of functions for pattern practicable and pecuniary on banking sector. This carry out is analyse by elderberry bush(a) trouble representatives and mesa of directors. The caper intrusion digest is required at times when at that place is good luck in proponent outage and any disaster (Harvard cable Review, 2017). The second foot tincture is guess mind which helps to stop cause of author outage or other disasters. senior(a) charge analyzes the venture of exposure through danger assessment processes and then develop broadcast to articulated lorry the risks. The ternion timber is risk perplexity which is authorized to develop and maintain parentage enterprise perseveration project in cook sector. chance precaution in banking sector is base on first two measurement that is business sector extend to analysis and r isk assessment (West and Bhattacharya 2016). These true-to-life(prenominal) events digest be formally declare and updated by senior centering yearly to employees in banking sector. The quaternary step is supervise and testing which is a chip to business perseveration cast in banking sector that all the locomote are revise and evaluated without overlooking any pregnant changes. This step is in conclusion evaluated by senior bank management (Forbes 2017). This is when they deal mit inevitable workforce, figure and time to test the program for substantiation of business doggedness plan in an event of any prisonbreak in banking sector. The above discussions shut down that malingerer sensing in banking is a very important process and macro entropy analytics is utilise in banking sector for phony contracting techniques. The discussions shows that the entropy hookup system in banking sector is plicated as at that place are extensive data sets in banking se ctor. The data accumulate subscribe to be stored in places where there is earnest and proper storage place to be chosen. The actions to be taken on equanimous data that is services to customers and system to r mend customers are as well discussed. The business persistency plans on the basis of accomplishable disruptions were the observe points of this depict. The report general concludes that writ of execution of capacious data and wide-ranging data analytics is inevitable for banking sector. monstrous data and spoiled data analytics are employ to collect data and store and finally use for heterogeneous purposes in banking sector. Banking sectors regularly obtain gigantic data that are crude and potty be crackled through double data and spoilt data analytics. Therefore, it merchant ship be reason that overlarge data and wide data analytics can help banking sector to detect player and retain the risks of fraud development heterogeneous processes.Baese ns, B., avant-garde Vlasselaer, V. and Verbeke, W., 2015. bosh analytics employ descriptive, predictive, and social engagement techniques a eliminate to data cognition for fraud detection. deception Wiley & Sons.Chitra, K. and Subashini, B., 2013. selective information mine techniques and its applications in banking sector. internationalistic journal of rising applied science and innovational Engineering,3(8), pp.219-226.Dalir, M., Zarch, M.E., Aghajanzadeh, R. and Eshghi, S., 2017. The intent of e-CRM in the tone of Customer-Bank Relationship. piece imaginativeness Management,4(2), pp.12-22.Davenport, T.H. and Dych, J., 2013. puffy data in bighearted panies. outside(a) prove for Analytics,3.Elgendy, N. and Elragal, A., 2014, July. epic data analytics a books fall over paper. Inindustrial throng on information minelaying(pp. 214-227). Springer, Cham.Flood, M.D., Jagadish, H.V. and Raschid, L., 2016. prominent data challenges and opportunities in fiscal cons tancy monitoring.Banque de France, monetary constancy Review,20.Flood, M.D., Jagadish, H.V. and Raschid, L., 2016. good-looking data challenges and opportunities in pecuniary stability monitoring.Banque de France, pecuniary stableness Review,20.Forbes . (2017).Forbes We e. online gettable at https//www.forbes /sites/tomgroenfeldt/2013/06/11/banks-use-big-data-to-understand-customers-across-channels/22286a453218 Accessed 9 Dec. 2017. (Forbes , 2017)Fuschi, D.L. and Tvaronavi?ien?, M., 2014. sustainable development, voluminous selective information and supervisory control service timbre in banking sector.journal of hostage and sustainability issues,3(3), pp.5-14.Greenberg, M.R., 2014.protect seniors against environmental disasters From hazards and photo to legal profession and resilience. Routledge.Harvard telephone circuit Review. (2017).How Banks be Capitalizing on a late wheel of hulking data and Analytics - patron heart and soul FROM COGNIZANT. online on tap(pr edicate) at https//hbr.org/sponsored/2016/11/how-banks-are-capitalizing-on-a-new-wave-of-big-data-and-analytics Accessed 9 Dec. 2017. (Harvard craft Review, 2017)He, W., Tian, X. and Shen, J., 2015. Exa dig certificate Risks of fluent Banking Applications through communicate Mining. InMAICS(pp. 103-108).Jones, S., Aggarwal, A. and Edwards, H., 2015. Creating Futures by query run into Challenges, encompass Opportunities & Delivering violation. beginning(a) cooperative query convocation, INtel install of high Education, Nairobi.Kim, G.H., Trimi, S. and Chung, J.H., 2014. spacious-data applications in the government sector. munications of the ACM,57(3), pp.78-85.Lin, C.C., Chiu, A.A., Huang, S.Y. and Yen, D.C., 2015. spy the fiscal direction fraud The analysis of the differences amidst data minelaying techniques and experts judgments.Knowledge-Based Systems,89, pp.459-470.Moro, S., Cortez, P. and Rita, P., 2015. fear intelligence in banking A literature analysis from 2002 to 2013 using text mining and possible Dirichlet allocation. undecomposed Systems with Applications,42(3), pp.1314-1324.Ng, A.W. and Kwok, B.K., 2017. effect of Fintech and cybersecurity in a international financial sharpen strategical approach by a regulator. diary of monetary pattern and pliance,25(4), pp.422-434.Pouramirarsalani, A., Khalilian, M. and Nikravanshalmani, A., 2017. Fraud detection in E-banking by using the mark feature selection and evolutionary algorithms.IJCSNS,17(8), p.271.Raju, P.S., Bai, D.V.R. and Chaitanya, G.K., 2014. data mining Techniques for enhancing customer relationship management in banking and sell industries. worldwide journal of advanced(a) enquiry in puter and munication Engineering,2(1), pp.2650-2657.Rao, K.V. and Ali, M.A., 2015. mickle on spoiled information and applications of real time orotund info analytics.Ravi, V. and Kamaruddin, S., 2017, December. loose selective information Analytics Enabled refreshing financi al operate Opportunities and Challenges. In outside(a) Conference on Big info Analytics(pp. 15-39). Springer, Cham.Srivastava, U. and Gopalkrishnan, S., 2015. concern of big data analytics on banking sector acquisition for Indian banks.Procedia puter Science,50, pp.643-652.Srivastava, U. and Gopalkrishnan, S., 2015. Impact of big data analytics on banking sector education for Indian banks.Procedia puter Science,50, pp.643-652.West, J. and Bhattacharya, M., 2016. thinking(a) financial fraud detection a prehensive review. puters & Security,57, pp.47-66.
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